What are corona viruses? Dr. Afzal Aghaei - gastroenterology specialist in Mashhad, Dr. Mehdi Afzal Aghaei

What are corona viruses?... ======================== Corona viruses are a large group of viruses that can infect animals and humans and cause respiratory diseases. These diseases can be as mild as a cold or more severe like pneumonia. In rare cases, animal corona viruses infect humans and then spread between them. Middle East was discovered and to According to scientists, this virus was transmitted from camel to human for the first time.... How does corona virus spread?.. ------------------------------------ In humans, the virus is transmitted mainly through direct contact with a sick person. The virus can also be transmitted by touching an infected surface and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes, although this is not believed to be the main way the virus spreads. How can people prevent the spread of the disease? ---------------------------------------------------- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends good hygiene practices, including washing your hands frequently, drinking fluids, coughing into your elbow or a tissue, and staying home if you feel sick.. In addition, we recommend that you stay home even if you are not sick unless you absolutely have to go out, social distancing, and away from covering others (at least six masks).. nose... cover your nose.... What are the symptoms of the new virus disease? Corona (Covid-19)?.. --------------------------------------------- The symptoms of the new corona virus are as follows: • Fever or chills • Headache • Cough, sore throat, nasal congestion or runny nose • Sudden loss of sense of taste or smell • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing • Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea • Dizziness, or muscle or body pain Can covid 19 be cured?... --------------------------- There is no vaccine, and since it is a virus, antibiotics have no effect on it. Health care providers generally treat the symptoms and make the patient feel better without specific treatment.. Although the main manifestations of Covid-19 patients are respiratory symptoms, a large group of patients have gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and... investigation... intranasal or gastric inoculation of SARS-COV-2 causes infection and pathology in respiratory and digestive tissues.... SARS-COV-2 virus was inoculated intranasally to 5 rhesus monkeys... histopathological damage in the tissue Gastrointestinal diseases including infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucous epithelium of animals were observed.. Diarrhea... RNA virus in both digestive and respiratory tissues.... In 5 rhesus animals that were inoculated intragastrically, viral RNA was found in digestive tissues and contents as well as in lung, pancreas and liver tissues... The virus found in these tissues was infectious... Histologically, the virus may be due to Direct damage to lung tissue, virus not in lung tissue.. After intragastric inoculation...Both human and bat intestinal organoids show replication of the covid-19 virus....The virus is found in intestinal epithelial cells....Furthermore, the number of mucin-containing goblet cells in gastrointestinal tissues decreases after both types of intranasal and gastric inoculation, indicating damage to mucosal defenses through goblet cell damage.... Therefore, gastrointestinal damage is caused by viral invasion and replication.. Inflammatory cytokines in the gastrointestinal system, suggesting that gastrointestinal damage may be caused by cytokines released from activated CD68-positive macrophages.. In addition, the presence of inflammatory cytokines despite the absence of virus appears to result from a virus-induced cytokine storm.. Pneumonia.. since respiratory symptoms manifest The predominant clinical is SARS COV-2, the main mode of transmission is respiratory transmission.. Studies have shown that faecal transmission through the oral route is also an effective method of transmission.. In 48% of patients in Hong Kong, the virus was isolated from the stool sample.. tissue, but it is also expressed to a large amount in the tissue of the gastrointestinal tract... #### Facts about the covid-19 vaccine 1.. All vaccines produced by Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, Sputnik, Novax, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Synovac, and Quaxin are 100% effective in preventing death from covid and have very high effectiveness against severe covid, moderate to high effectiveness (60-95%) against mild covid patients, but no covid patients with symptoms. They are weakly effective.. Do not look for vaccine effectiveness data when choosing a vaccine.. Nasal injections may prevent even asymptomatic covid because they induce surface IgA antibodies in the mucosa that break the chain of transmission and end the epidemic.. So pregnant women can safely be vaccinated. only one vaccine because strong neutralizing antibody titer and strong T-cell response appeared in them even after a single injection of the vaccine.. The virus (protein) contained in the corona vaccine is prevented from forming.... 9... People with severe disease who have recovered should wait at least 4 to 10 weeks after recovery to receive any type of breakfast vaccine.. Reduce to 7.5 mg per day because the doses are higher as a system suppressor They act as immunity and may not provide the necessary immunity after the injection of the covid vaccine.. Those who use immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate should stop taking the drug two weeks before and two weeks after the injection of the vaccine.. At least for 4 weeks after stopping the drug (the drug works by binding to B cells). that Anti Injected monoclonal antibodies can be safely vaccinated because the vaccine is not a live virus... a dangerous change in nature.. All living things have genetic material that contains the information needed to make them.. The SARS-COV-2 virus is a virus with genetic material made of a chemical molecule called ribonucleic acid, or RNA, which directs the production of proteins for the virus to survive... As the basic unit of life multiplies, its genetic material is reproduced many times over.. This can lead to momentary changes in the genetic material with each copy. Viruses replicate even in the same patient, the virus may change rapidly or mutate.. (a string of chemical letters): From RT-PCR testing for diagnosis, sequencing (a technology to identify the composition of genetic material) that allows tracking different types of virus in geographic locations to designing RNA vaccines... Therefore, understanding how the virus mutates is very important.... These mutations, i.e. chemical changes in RNA, can also cause the virus becomes more successful or even more successful in the immune system....Conversely, there is also the possibility that variants of the virus will emerge from time to time that are weakened forms of the virus....In December 2020, various scientific departments in India came together to create the Indian SARS-COV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG), which aims to identify worrisome variants of the virus through genetic sequencing..We are a kind of geographical map of the spread of a strain-specific... For example, a September 2020 sequence-based study of 303 virus isolates in southern India showed how transmission of the virus likely started from an outbreak site and spread from there.. The study also found that the virus was uniquely found in India.. At the time, the virus was no more dangerous than expected.. Elsewhere... Since 2020, sequencing data from thousands of virus samples has been done by researchers in Shared worldwide... In addition to mapping outbreaks, this data allows researchers to family different virus strains... This tree of virus isolates shows how similar or different they are to what was first identified in Wuhan... Virus samples similar to this tree typically originate from the same geographic location and fall into one (race).... In March 2021, INSACOG, a virus that had not been detected in another world... This strain had two changes in the genetic sequence of SARS-COV-2 that are thought to make it a species that requires close monitoring.... This strain of SARS-COV-2, which originated in India and is now under investigation, is designated as B.1.617. It is a protein that was called directly on a mutated protein.. The virus enters human cells by attaching it to locks called receptor proteins.... Therefore, the spike protein is very important for the production of vaccines and the production of therapeutic drugs.... Any change in the genetic material of the RNA virus that can affect the spike protein can affect the way and speed of the transmission of the virus and can change the response of the human immune system to the virus, some changes As a result, the spike protein does better.. the invader becomes wilder and creates a stronger infection.... The human immune system also introduces the use of the invader's characteristics and increases molecules to fight it, which are called antibodies. Prepare the body It creates a memory of this invader and acts quickly the next time the same invader enters the body.. That's why we have mild symptoms when we get a vaccine... It fights and creates a memory.... That way when we actually get infected with the virus later, our immune system is fully prepared to fight it and researchers are trying to analyze the new properties of the vaccine protein.. In B.1.617, six of which lead to changes in The protein becomes spiked, which can increase its ability to infect and replicate faster....These changes increase infectivity...virulence means its ability to jump from one human host to another very easily....A change in the genetic sequence of B.1.617 causes a change in the spike protein (L452R), which is antibocity antibodies of theRNA.. to make changes and adaptations present for survival in viruses previously documented.. This second change also gives the virus the ability to evade the immune system and adapt or better bind the spike protein to human cells, making this type of immune evasion not limited to viruses with L452R.... No studies have been done to understand the extent of damage caused by the B.1.617 strain.. pressure, INSACOG's efforts have shown that The strain is now a dominant strain in at least some states of India.. B.1.617 was first identified in March as an emerging strain in Maharashtra and has been reported in at least 10 states by mid-April.... The strain has also reached at least 11 countries, including the United States, England, New War, Germany, April, Germany, New War, Zeeland, Germany, and Australia.. 2021, B.1.617 is on the rise in the UK, although it is linked to sources of travel from India... ### What did it do?.. Although new types of viruses wreak havoc on countries' health systems, mask use, social distancing, avoiding gathering in closed spaces and other preventive measures, and implementing the three pillars of testing, tracing and treating, are still recommended as key prevention strategies against different types of viruses.. N-99 Masks and focus on ventilation...recommends a suitable closed space and emphasizes that when using the return mask, gatherings should be held in the soldier's area....In the conditions of lack of facilities and also to better preserve the environment, it is recommended to reuse the N-95 mask and wear two masks (one cloth mask and one surgical mask).. Life of motorcyclists.) Vaccination is the last line of defense against this virus and every eligible person should receive it.... Natural immunity, i.e. immunity after viral infection lasts only a few months at best, while a full course of vaccination as recommended allows the body to mount a stronger response against the actual infection, leading to milder symptoms and greatly reduced mortality.. SARS-COV-2... as of April 18, 2020, other Israelis are not required to wear masks in public as the total number of cases has dropped to double digits... The reason is that two doses of vaccination have been done for almost 60% of the population of this country. Immune evasion, including through vaccines. Currently, INSACOG plans to sequence about 5% of positive samples from selected provinces of the country. The emergence of B.1.617 and similar species requires creative efforts, so that INSACOG has doubled down... LinkedIn Pinterest WhatsApp Telegram ViberEmail