Preparations before angiography - Dr. Majid Faraji

Introduction Angiography is one of the most accurate and vital diagnostic methods in medicine, which is used to check the condition of the blood vessels of the heart, brain and other organs. This method allows doctors to observe the blood flow, narrowing or blockage of the vessels with high accuracy. But for this process to be done in the best way and with minimum risk, preparations before angiography are very important. Observing the preparation points not only reduces the possibility of complications, but also makes the imaging process faster, more accurate and safer.

What is angiography and why is it done?

Angiography is an imaging procedure in which a thin catheter is inserted into the veins through one of the vessels in the body (usually in the groin or wrist). Then, by injecting contrast, images are taken of the blood flow path so that the doctor can identify the presence of any narrowing, blockage, or vascular abnormality. This method can be used to diagnose diseases such as:

• Coronary heart disease (CAD)
• Obstruction of peripheral arteries
• Vascular damage caused by diabetes or high blood pressure
• checking the function of brain vessels before surgeries is used.

The importance of preparation before angiography

Preparation before angiography is as important as the operation itself. Failure to comply with preparation tips may lead to complications such as contrast material allergy, kidney failure, or bleeding at the catheter insertion site. Following these recommendations will reduce the risk, increase the accuracy of the results and make the patient more comfortable during the process.

1. Consultation and initial examinations with a doctor

1.1. Dialogue about medical history

Before performing an angiography, the doctor must know about your health history; including diseases such as:

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
Kidney or liver diseases
• Previous heart problems This information helps the doctor to evaluate the possible risk of the operation and take necessary precautions.

1.2. Information about medications and allergies

Be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, including blood thinners (such as warfarin or aspirin), diabetes medications, and herbal supplements. If you have a history of sensitivity to contrast or iodine, your doctor may prescribe an anti-allergy medication or change the type of contrast.

2. Necessary tests and investigations before angiography

The doctor usually prescribes some tests to ensure your general health before the operation:

• Blood test: check kidney function, sugar level, fat and coagulation factors.
• Cardiac strip (ECG): Evaluation of the rhythm and electrical function of the heart.
• Photograph of the chest (X-ray): Examination of the condition of the heart, lungs and the size of the heart.
• In some cases: CT scan or echocardiography may also be recommended for a more detailed examination.

3. Physical preparation before angiography

3.1. Avoid eating and drinking

Usually, it is recommended to avoid eating and drinking from 8 to 12 hours before angiography. This prevents nausea, vomiting and side effects caused by sedatives.

3.2. Using medicines as prescribed by the doctor

Some medications should be continued (such as blood pressure medications), but others should be stopped temporarily (such as blood thinners). Never stop taking medicine without consulting a doctor.

3.3. Correction of hair at the catheter entry site

The doctor or nurse may trim the hair in the affected area (groin or wrist) to reduce the risk of infection.

4. Planning for the day of angiography

4.1. companion selection

Having a reliable companion on the day of the angiogram is essential, because after the procedure you may not be able to drive or go home alone due to the sedation.

4.2. covering and personal items

Wear comfortable clothes and avoid carrying expensive items such as jewelry or watches. Also, bring your medical documents, insurance card and list of medications.

5. Key points on the day of angiography

5.1. Attendance on time

Arrive at the hospital at least <30 to 60 minutes early for admission, final testing and pre-operative preparation.

5.2. Peace of mind

Worry and anxiety are normal in patients before angiography, but it can increase the heart rate and make the process more difficult. A few minutes of deep breathing or listening to relaxing music can help reduce stress.

6. possible complications of angiography

Although angiography is performed without problems in most cases, being aware of possible complications helps the patient to recognize the warning signs and act quickly if needed.

• Bleeding or bruising: Bleeding or slight bruising may occur at the catheter insertion site.
• Infection: If you notice fever, redness or swelling after the operation, you should inform the doctor.
• Allergy to the contrast material: symptoms such as itching, hives or shortness of breath may appear.
• Temporary renal dysfunction: In patients with kidney diseases, kidney function may decrease temporarily.

7. Care after angiography

Although the focus of this article is on the preparations before the operation, it is useful to know a few things for the after:

• If prescribed by the doctor, drink a lot of fluids so that the contrast material is removed from the body faster.
• Keep the catheter insertion site dry and clean.
• Avoid heavy activities for 24 hours after the operation.

Conclusion

Preparations before angiography play a key role in the success of this diagnostic method. From consulting a doctor and knowing about medications to observing food abstinence and mental preparation, all these things help to reduce the risk of complications. By following these tips, you can enter the angiography process with more confidence and peace of mind and get more accurate results.

Scientific resources

1. Healthline – Angiography Preparation
2. Mayo Clinic – Angiogram Preparation and Recovery
3. WebMD – How to Prepare for an Angiogram
4. Cleveland Clinic – Before, During, and After Cardiac Catheterization
5. American Heart Association – Understanding Coronary Angiography

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