Dental PFM coating

PFM dental cover is a durable and high-quality cover for damaged and decayed teeth. This cover is composed of two parts, metal base and porcelain surface. The porcelain part of the veneer is used to give the natural tooth color to the veneer; While the metal part is used for its strength and durability. The general features of this type of dental veneer in an overview are: - **longevity**: Durability and durability if proper care is taken, oral hygiene is followed and examination sessions are taken seriously. - **Cost**: PFM coating is more affordable than ceramic types. It is a suitable choice for patients who want durability and beauty. - **wide application**: the possibility of applying veneers for front and back teeth, decayed and damaged teeth, and to remove the deformity and protruding lips of the teeth -**stages of placement in the mouth**: tooth preparation, molding, placement of a temporary veneer, installation of a metal veneer, layering of porcelain and checking and final adjustment PFM dental veneers are preferably used for posterior teeth. The reason for that is the reason for the metal part to become visible if the gum wears down over a long period of time. > **English text:** > > "Porcelain-fused-to-metal dental crowns (PFMs) have a metal base which is bonded to a veneer made from porcelain. The metal provides a strong yet malleable density and the porcelain gives the crown a natural tooth-like appearance." > > **Persian translation**: > > "Porcelain-bonded-to-metal (PFM) dental veneers have a metal base that is attached to a veneer made of porcelain. "Metal provides high density yet flexibility, and porcelain gives the crown a natural tooth-like appearance." > > Quoted from the site: oceanicdental What is PFM coating? PFM crown (in English: PFM Dental Crown) consists of two parts; Porcelain and metal. This tooth restoration is made of a metal base with high strength and durability and a porcelain coating (in English: Porcelain) that gives it a natural appearance. PFM stands for Porcelain-fused-to-metal, which accurately describes the structure of the coating. The type of metal used in PFM consists of a combination of different alloys (such as gold, base metal or cobalt chromium). This metal base (or coping) provides the necessary strength, and the porcelain veneer with its transparency and natural color matches perfectly with the surrounding teeth. PFM veneers are often used to restore damaged or decayed teeth. PFM coating is very strong and resistant to wear. These veneers are made to match and match the natural color of the teeth and give the person a natural look close to the current teeth. Advantages and disadvantages of PFM coating ### Advantages of PFM coating: PFM coating (porcelain attached to metal) which has the strength and durability of metal but the natural appearance of porcelain. This dental veneer consists of a metal core covered with a layer of porcelain that provides durability and beauty together. PFM veneers are a popular option for restoring damaged or decayed teeth and can also be used to improve the appearance of discolored or misshapen teeth. Here are the benefits of this coating: - **Long durability:** According to PFM dental veneers, with proper care and maintenance, it lasts at least 10 to 15 years. - **Different Applications**: PFM veneers can be used in a variety of settings, including single veneers, bridges, and implant-supported restorations. - **حداقل تراش دندان**: هنگام آماده سازی دندان برای روکش پی اف ام، معمولا تراش دندان کمتری در مقایسه با سایر انواع روکش مورد نیاز است که امکان حفظ بهتر ساختار طبیعی دندان را فراهم می کند. - **Reasonable cost**: PFM dental crowns are often more affordable than all-ceramic or zirconia crowns. These veneers offer a durable and beautiful restoration without the higher cost of other options. - **Attractive and natural appearance at the same time as high performance**: Porcelain veneers can be matched with the color of natural teeth and give them a natural and pleasant appearance. While all-ceramic veneers are known for their beauty, PFM veneers offer satisfying aesthetics in addition to strength. - **durability**: The metal core provides strength and resistance to wear and impact. The metal structure of the PFM coating is extremely strong, and this feature makes them ideal for molars and premolars that bear the most pressure of chewing forces. Compared to all-ceramic veneers, PFM veneers are less likely to fill or crack. - **Usages:** Using veneers for front and back teeth ### Disadvantages of PFM coating: Despite its high durability and natural appearance, PFM coating has disadvantages compared to all-ceramic or all-metal coatings. One of their biggest disadvantages is the formation of a dashed line at the junction of the metal base with the porcelain (in case of gingivitis). PFM veneers require more tooth preparation than some other types of veneers. - **VISIBLE METAL LINE**: The metal base of the PFM coating may be visible; This condition is especially seen when the gums are atrophied and create an unsightly line. - **Metal Allergies and Sensitivity:** Some people may be sensitive or allergic to the metals used in PFM coatings, leading to allergic reactions or other side effects. - **Tooth preparation:** PFM veneers often require more tooth preparation than other types of all-ceramic veneers, as the metal base must be structurally sound. - **Aesthetics**: While porcelain covers metal, PFM veneers do not have the natural clarity and light reflection of natural enamel and all-ceramic veneers. - **Longevity**: While PFM dental veneers are durable, they can still be subject to wear and tear and their average lifespan is around 10-15 years. - **Cost**: PFM veneers are generally more affordable than zirconia veneers, but can be more expensive than all-ceramic options. This dramatic price increase is due to the increase in the price of precious metals. The porcelain veneer may chip over time and expose the metals underneath. This condition is especially seen in people who are used to eating hard foods and do not take good care of their teeth. The possibility of erosion of the enamel of the adjacent teeth is seen by the PFM coating. > Click to see the types of dental veneers. Is PFM coating suitable for everyone? PFM dental veneers are a durable and reliable option, but they are not necessarily the right choice for everyone. In general, the ideal candidate for PFM veneers is someone who has good tooth structure, healthy gums, and reasonable cosmetic needs. This is especially important for the back teeth, where strength is paramount. For the front teeth, because we gradually see gingival erosion after a few years, the problem of exposing the veneer metal is unpleasant for people. This exposure of metal is much more severe especially in people with thin gum biotype. In such cases, all-ceramic or zirconia veneers are probably a more suitable option. #### Classification and requirements for suitable candidates for PFM cover: - **Appropriate tooth structure:** The remaining teeth should have the necessary fit. In cases of loss of one or more teeth, reconstruction or alternative restorative methods are needed. - **Ability to withstand chewing forces:** PFM coating with metal base can balance chewing forces. Of course, uncontrolled occlusal force eventually leads to porcelain wear. - **Gum health and bone tissue:** People who have healthy gum and bone structure can go for this method. Any gum-related disease such as gingivitis and active periodontal disease should be treated before veneers are placed. - **Not having sensitivity to metal:** In problems such as sensitivity to certain metals, this coating is not a suitable option, and alternatives such as zirconia or lithium disilicate are recommended. - ** Appropriate and economical cost:** is another factor that determines the final cost. pfm veneers are an affordable and durable choice. The all-ceramic coating has a higher final cost. Therefore, PFM veneers are usually a suitable option for patients who value durability and strength, especially in the back teeth, and maintain good oral and dental hygiene. Of course, these people should take into account that in case of gingival recession, the appearance of the veneer may be slightly compromised. In the end, the final approval and the choice of the best veneer is related to your dentist's expert opinion in addition to personal taste and choice. The dentist will give you the best possible suggestion by examining the general conditions of your mouth and teeth and your specific needs. The steps of making and installing PFM coating How is the pfm veneer made and placed in the jaw? PFM veneer consists of an outer layer of porcelain with a metal core, which is the most compatible with natural teeth. PFM metal provides the necessary strength and support, and porcelain provides a natural appearance. The process of installing these coatings is summarized in several general steps; We read on. - **Tooth preparation** In the preparation area, the dentist first removes any tooth decay or damage. It then reshapes the tooth to make room for the crown. At this stage, a part of the tooth enamel is usually shaved. This minor shaving is about 1 to 2 mm for front or back teeth. This is done to ensure maximum fit of the cover. Then it's time to mold and place the temporary cover. - **Moulding of teeth** What does the dentist do in the molding stage? After shaping the tooth, the dentist takes a mold of the tooth and its surrounding area. Molding is done using a traditional mold or a digital scanner. These molds record all the details of the shape of the tooth and the structures around the tooth. Each mold is then cleaned and disinfected and used to make an accurate stone model in the laboratory. - **Temporary Crown Placement** While these molds are being sent to the lab to make your custom crown, a temporary crown is placed over the prepared tooth. This temporary cover protects the tooth and maintains its proper shape and function for a period of 2 to 3 weeks. - **Placing the metal veneer in place** Using a stone model, the dental technician makes a wax replica of the desired veneer. This mockup serves as a preliminary plan; This way the dentist is sure of the correct dimensions and lines. This step is to simulate the natural appearance of the tooth and plan the design of the metal veneer. Then the wax is placed in a molding material and burned, and a cavity is created exactly in the shape of the desired coating. Then the molten dental alloy is poured into this cavity. This veneer must be extremely precise as it forms the internal framework to which the porcelain will later be welded. - **Porcelain layering and welding (permanent PF veneer placement)** After the metal veneer is placed in place, the dentist begins the delicate process of placing the porcelain. Porcelain powder is placed in layers by hand. Often, several thin layers are enough to restore the natural transparency and shade of the tooth. Each layer is baked at a high temperature to permanently weld it to the metal. This process goes through several stages to provide the necessary strength and aesthetic appeal. - **cover level adjustment** After the porcelain layers are welded, the cover is carefully adjusted. This ensures that the margins (where the crown joins the tooth) are smooth, invisible and properly adjusted for esthetic and healthy gums. At this stage, the dentist examines the crown in terms of proper fit, proper occlusion (bite alignment) and aesthetic harmony with the adjacent teeth. Minor adjustments may be made using specialized dental tools and a dental handpiece. The dentist makes sure of the patient's proper bite and comfort. Types of dental PFM veneers The classification of PFM coatings refers to the metal alloys used in the core. The differences in these alloys affect factors such as aesthetics, biocompatibility, strength, and cost. The main types of PFM coating: - **PFM coating with non-precious metals** The materials used in these coatings are made of base metal alloys such as nickel-chromium or cobalt-chromium. It resists corrosion and offers excellent structural integrity. It is the cheapest option compared to high-quality alloy alternatives. Of course, it should be kept in mind that the possibility of allergic reactions can be seen in patients who are sensitive to some basic metals, and the metal border, if visible, may be less beautiful. This type of PFM coating is often chosen when lower cost is a priority or when a strong frame is required. In the restoration of posterior teeth, where the appearance is less important, we go for this type of PFM veneers. - **PFM coating with semi-precious metals** These alloys are a combination of non-precious metals and some elements are precious metals. They are aesthetically balanced and appropriate and have better biocompatibility with oral and dental tissue than non-precious metal alloys. Their time point is relatively lower in cost. This option is a solution for patients looking for long-term durability and balanced appearance without significantly increasing the final cost. - **PFM coating with expensive white metals** In the manufacture of these coatings, a significant percentage of palladium and some gold formulated to have a whiter color are often used. These types of PFM coatings are biocompatible and highly resistant to corrosion, which makes them suitable for patients with metal allergies. Their white color is a significant advantage; Especially in situations where there is a possibility of gingivitis. Because with gum analysis, it is possible to see the metal base and the unpleasant appearance. Their cost is naturally more expensive than non-precious and semi-precious alloys. These covers are effective when long life, proper performance and inconspicuous metal frame are of particular importance. - **PFM coating made of gold** PFM coating made of gold is a combination of a high percentage of gold along with other noble metals. These types of coatings are known for their exceptional biocompatibility and resistance to wear and corrosion. Although the inherent color of these types of veneers is yellow, porcelain veneers effectively cover it in the final restoration, making it efficient for cosmetic purposes. Naturally, this type of coating costs more; Especially if the gold used in the wing is carat. This type of veneer is chosen for complex restorations such as bridges or when maximum durability is desired. #### What factors does the selection criteria of PFM coating depend on? - If you are looking for reasonable and low cost, go for semi-precious or lower price metal alloys. - In case of possible allergy, go for high quality biocompatible alloys. - For areas of the mouth that are exposed to high occlusal forces (such as posterior areas), the strength of non-precious or semi-precious metals becomes especially important. - If beauty is a priority for you, go for the coating made of high quality white metal. In this way, in case of gingivitis, the color of the metal will not give an unpleasant appearance to your face. Long life of PFM coating PFM coating has high durability and longevity, and this feature makes them ideal for selection. These covers are made of materials that make them resistant to chewing and biting forces. Porcelain veneers, although good looking and designed to mimic natural tooth enamel, can be more susceptible to chipping or wear if extreme forces are applied or if the occlusion is not ideally adjusted. In case of basic care and regular examination, they can last between 10 to 25 years or even more (until the end of life). #### Problems and possible failures of PFM coating Some of the problems that people having PFM veneers may face include: - **Lip swelling and cracking of porcelain:** This problem is one of the most common problems of treatment applicants. Porcelain veneer is prone to chipping or cracking; The reason is being exposed to excessive occlusal forces and lack of optimal veneer design during treatment. This problem endangers the function and beauty of the teeth. - **Porosity and bubbles:** defects such as bubbles or porosity may occur inside the porcelain during production. These defects may weaken the bond between the layers and reduce the overall strength of the restoration. - **Change in color and shading**: Changes in the use of porcelain or aging of the material can lead to color mismatch with the adjacent teeth. Over time, these defects can become more noticeable and affect the aesthetic appeal of the coating. This is especially the case in people who do not take health care tips seriously. - **Problems related to metal frame**: Although the infrastructure or coping of these covers is made of metal and has great strength, in limited cases the underlying metal has been broken. This injury naturally destroys the dental support. - **Visible metal margin**: Gingival erosion or wear at the edge of the porcelain exposes the metal substructure and leads to an unsightly appearance while smiling and speaking. This is especially problematic in the anterior (front) region and aesthetically problematic. The difference between PFM coating and zirconia What are the similarities and differences between PFM coating and zirconia? Which one is better? Both veneers have distinctive features in terms of materials used, strength, beauty and efficiency, which distinguish each one for specific therapeutic purposes. PFM veneers are made from a metal base consisting of non-precious, semi-precious or ultra-noble alloys, providing excellent structural support, and a porcelain layer is welded onto it. The process of putting them in the mouth is completely traditional and done by hand. These steps include tooth molding, wax, metal veneer molding, and then porcelain layering and firing. The only complication is the visible metal edge in case of gum recession. > **English text:** > > "Zirconia offers superior strength and durability for dental crowns" > > **Translation** **Persian**: > > "Zirconia provides high strength and durability for dental veneers. » > > Quoted from the site: DDSLAB Zirconia veneers, which are made of zirconium dioxide, are usually produced using modern and digital CAD/CAM methods. In this process, the crown is machined from a solid block of zirconia, resulting in a monolithic restoration with exceptional strength and fracture resistance. Zirconia crowns are now available in high clarity forms and better imitate natural tooth enamel due to the maximum use of technology. Zirconia also offers a metal-free solution, ideal for patients with metal sensitivities. Now, according to the advantages that each one offers, which one should we go for? **Choose PFM coating if:** - Long-term durability is the main concern of Shamasan - You need a dental bridge (restoration by the method of several prostheses connected together) with a strong metal foundation. - You need traditional treatment at a more affordable cost. **Choose zirconia veneers if:** - You are looking for a natural look, especially for the front teeth. - If you have a problem with grinding teeth or high pressure of high occlusal forces. - If modern and digital treatment method but higher cost is not a problem for you. You must consult your dentist for the final decision. The best option for each person is determined according to the general condition of the mouth and teeth, personal preferences, treatment goals and final cost estimate. The price of dental PFM coating On average, the price of PF coating is lower than zirconia and it starts from approximately 4 to 6 million tomans per unit. The final price varies depending on the quality of the work, the general condition of the patient's mouth and teeth, the location of the clinic and the expertise of the dentist. The type of metal used in PFM coating is one of the main factors affecting the price. In some cases, auxiliary treatments before placing the veneer, such as periodontal treatment, have a separate cost. Post-operative care of scaling or gum correction also increases the final cost. As we said, this amount varies according to the mentioned factors. To know the exact price and examination, contact Amitis Clinic. **final word** PFM coating is one of the most durable and proven coatings available in the market to solve the problem of damage and decay. This dental crown is made of a metal base made of titanium, yellow or white metals, or cobalt. The material of the cover is natural and on the work is made of porcelain. This type of coating has a long lifespan and an affordable cost, and is mostly used for back teeth. In this article, we talked about the full description of the materials used, the difference from other veneers, the advantages and disadvantages, and the steps of placing PFM dental veneers.