Everything you need to know about hepatitis

Types of hepatitis ============= Hepatitis is an infectious disease that targets the liver and causes inflammation in it... In the past years, many people were disappointed when they heard the name hepatitis and thought that they would not have a chance to live if they got it... But with further study, it became clear that this disease has different types, each of which has a different way of working in the body... In the article, we will review the types of hepatitis, ways of diagnosis and treatment, necessary tests and how to treat this disease. Let's talk.... What is hepatitis?... If we want to check the literal meaning of this disease, we must say that hepatitis means inflammation of the liver (an important and necessary organ in the body). 1... Lack of adequate and complete blood supply to the liver 2 .... reception of toxins by the liver 3... occurrence of autoimmune disorders in the body 4... excessive alcohol consumption 5... taking some drugs that cause liver tissue destruction 6... The presence of viral infections such as mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus, which are actually less likely... Hepatitis is caused by 6 different types of viruses in the body... These viruses are: - Hepatitis A virus - Hepatitis B virus - Hepatitis C virus - Hepatitis D virus - Hepatitis E virus - Hepatitis G virus In this article, in the next parts, we describe each of the above categories separately.. Hepatitis is shown in two basic ways in the body: **Short-term hepatitis:** This type of short-term or acute hepatitis occurs in two cases.... The first case is that the symptoms may appear suddenly and with great intensity.... These symptoms are: nausea, vomiting, fever, body pain.... that is, similar to the symptoms of infectious diseases.... In the second case, the patient may not show any symptoms.... that is, the disease occurs without symptoms.... In both models, the patient recovers within a few days to a few weeks... as As you know, the liver is a very sensitive organ whose task is to clean waste materials and toxins from the blood so that they are not transferred to other organs.. If the liver becomes inflamed, this organ loses the ability to excrete waste materials or does its work slowly and with difficulty. The more damage is done to the liver, the more waste materials enter the blood. Know the disease... **Hepatitis A** Hepatitis A starts working in the body by the virus of this disease.... This virus is mostly seen in developing countries.... Hepatitis A causes inflammation in the liver, which leads to pain and swelling of the liver and nausea.... Unlike other types, hepatitis A is not dangerous and does not turn into chronic hepatitis.. Therefore, it is treated.. The virus is transmitted through contaminated water and food. it is also able to survive and continue its activity.. It should be noted that this disease is very contagious before symptoms appear and is transmitted to people at a faster rate.... Hepatitis A can be diagnosed by testing.... In some cases, the body uses its immune system to treat the disease without the need to see a doctor and take medicine, but in more severe cases, it is necessary to see a doctor and take medicine for the disease.... You should note that you can transmit hepatitis A to others immediately after being infected... They have weak immunity or Minors are different.... In this group, the possibility of transmission of this disease may last up to 6 months.. Read more about ways: 1 .... fatigue and lethargy 2... Nausea and if vomiting continues 3 .... pain in the abdomen 4... Fever 5... Urine is dark in color 6... Yellowing of the skin and eyes 7 .... Pain in the muscles 8 .... loss of appetite It should be noted that the hepatitis A virus can be present in the patient's body a month before the above symptoms appear... The symptoms of this disease are different in different age groups. and continue until complete recovery ** How to treat hepatitis A There is no special medicine for the treatment of this disease. Therefore, the treating doctor usually controls the disease by controlling eating habits and necessary orders until recovery. For patients with mild hepatitis A, the following are prescribed: 1... rest and reduce physical activities 2... Using a complete, healthy and vitamin-rich diet 3 .... eliminating fatty foods from the diet 4 .... elimination of alcohol consumption 5... Avoid taking acetaminophen and similar drugs The important thing during the treatment period is to discuss this issue with your doctor if you use any medicine and find out how to take or stop the medicine... In patients who have more acute problems such as loss of a large volume of body water, severe muscle pains, various blood problems, etc., it is better to stay in the hospital for a while with the doctor's opinion... **How ​​to prevent hepatitis A?** 1... Hepatitis A vaccine is available to the public.... This vaccine can be used for people over 2 years old.... After using this vaccine, the body remains immune from this disease for up to 20 years.... 2... washing hands frequently before and after meals, after using the toilet and after changing babies' diapers... in the form of salt and vinegar) 4.... Complete cooking of red and white meat such as lamb, chicken and fish 5.. Immediately visiting a doctor after contact with an infected person (if not infected or using a vaccine) Hepatitis B** This disease is spread by the hepatitis B virus in the infected person's body.... The target of this virus is the liver like type A.... This type can become a chronic disease.... In the chronic type of this virus, the liver tissue is gradually destroyed... so called fat replaces them.... The main problem in this disease is that with the progress of the disease, the parts that are damaged in the blood do not stop working... the waste is transferred to other parts of the body and causes various diseases... Hepatitis B can create conditions for hepatitis D.. This type of hepatitis can only be seen in the body of people who have hepatitis B.. We will discuss hepatitis D in a separate section. Hepatitis B is transmitted in different ways.. Below are the ways of transmission of this disease: 1... The way to transmit this disease is through unprotected sexual contact between an infected person and a healthy person.... 2... Another way to transmit this disease is through a contaminated syringe at the time of injection.... If you use a syringe infected with this virus that was previously used by another person, you will get this type of disease.... 3... In hospitals where treatment department personnel are working, if you accidentally cut your hand with infected equipment, this disease will also be transmitted to these people during delivery. get infected, the disease is also transmitted to the fetus... 5... traveling to areas where this disease is very common, due to the impossibility of fully complying with the hygiene principles, you may get this disease... ### **common symptoms of hepatitis B** 1... Nausea 2 .... Vomiting 3 .... complete or partial loss of appetite 4... Weakness, lethargy or fatigue 5 .... Abdominal pains, especially around the patient's liver 6... Darkening of the color of the person's urine 7 .... muscle and joint pains 8.. Jaundice **It should be noted that the above symptoms are different in different people... In fact, this disease can appear in the patient's body with severe and mild symptoms... In mild cases, the patient does not notice the disease.** ** Ways to diagnose hepatitis B ** In the case of hepatitis B disease, you should take help from a blood test.... In these tests (blood test), liver enzymes are checked and liver function is clearly determined.... Blood test is used during the course of treatment of the disease.... because the doctor must determine the condition of the patient during the course of treatment.... Special imaging such as X-ray machine or ultrasound, even in certain cases, observes and examines the condition of the liver... Liver sampling (removal of a small part) with surgery Special... **how to treat hepatitis B** For the treatment of this disease, antiviral drugs are used, which according to the obtained statistics, an acceptable result has been obtained in the treatment process. The antiviral drugs used for this disease contain interferon, which is injected into the patient's body. These drugs can be used in two ways: 1 .... injection once a week 2 .... injection twice a week The length of time required to treat this disease is determined according to its severity.. In more severe cases, the patient's treatment may take a year or even more... Ways to prevent hepatitis B ** To avoid contracting this disease, avoid contact with an infected person... you must use a standard and special protection (condom) during sexual intercourse to prevent the possibility of transmission of this disease.. Also, do not share syringes... There is a vaccine to prevent this disease... This vaccine is currently injected to all babies in the first stage of life... months... It should be noted that the vaccine is necessary and necessary for all people who are at risk of contracting this disease... in fact, for health workers who are constantly at risk of contracting this virus, for people who have high-risk sexual relationships and diverse sexual partners, as well as for people who have to live or travel to high-risk areas, the use of the vaccine is inevitable... **Hepatitis C** This type of hepatitis is caused by its own virus.... This disease can silently affect a person's body and cause the destruction of his liver.... Hepatitis type C causes mental problems in the patient due to the occurrence of more acute symptoms than the other two types and its intensity.... **how to spread hepatitis type C** This disease is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person.... Using contaminated syringes also causes this disease.... Below we discuss the ways of spreading this disease: 1 .... using the syringe of people with the disease and contact with this tool 2... Using blood products infected with hepatitis C virus 3 ... receiving blood or a transplanted organ infected with the disease 4... transmission through contaminated needles used in tattoo centers... 5... transmission of hepatitis C from mother to fetus in certain cases... 6... in hairdressing salons with shaving tools such as shavers or razors... 7... through toothbrushes and teeth cleaning equipment 8 .... in dental clinics through the use of contaminated equipment 9... transmission through high-risk sex The remarkable thing about this disease is that in some cases the cause of the disease is not known.. Therefore, it is clear that you should not expect to transmit Ipan through contacts such as shaking hands, hugging, kissing, using public utensils in the bathroom, using public utensils, using the bathroom, using public utensils or using public utensils and....toilet or contact with surfaces....Hepatitis C is a chronic liver disease....It is true that this disease can work silently in the patient's body and destroy liver cells...so if someone notices this disease in himself, to life It continues as normal.. C** At the beginning of the disease, this type can manifest itself in the form of a simple disease like the flu. In some cases, its symptoms remain for years. Therefore, at the beginning of the disease, you may have the following symptoms: 1 .... Normal and mild fatigue 2 .... pain in muscles and joints 3... feeling nauseous 4 .... loss of appetite 5... slight sensitivities when touching the areas around the liver The symptoms will change as the disease progresses.. You should note that the patient may not have any symptoms even at this stage: 1... feeling weak and lethargic and tired 2 ... frequent nausea 3 .... Vomiting 4 .... Anorexia and desire for food 5 .... minor fevers 6 .... Jaundice ### Methods of preventing disease transmission:** To prevent the transmission and spread of this disease, we suggest the following: 1 .... not donating blood in case of illness 2... Not using common personal items or items such as shaving razors 3 .... Use of disposable and standard condoms in sexual relations 4.... If you have a disease, be sure to consult your doctor before trying to get pregnant.... 5.... Avoid communication at this time due to the high probability of contracting this disease during menstruation... 1.... Avoiding alcohol and alcoholic beverages due to the increased speed of the disease... 2.... Using a healthy diet and removing fat and preservatives from food 3 .... doing calm and regular sports 4. Consult a specialist doctor if you are taking different medications 5... Not using drugs containing acetaminophen It should be noted that so far no vaccine has been provided for this type of hepatitis. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent this disease as much as possible by following the necessary safety and health precautions.. In addition, note that the person suffering from this disease will be susceptible to type A and B. The severity of the symptoms has appeared after the treatment period, which is usually 6 months to a year. The treatment method is simultaneous injection and oral supplements... In this type of injection, the injections are given once a week... If the patient does not have clinical symptoms or these symptoms are weak, there is no need for drug treatment and the disease is controlled only with the correct diet... In these cases, the inflammation in the liver is mild and the doctor only checks the progress of the disease by performing periodic blood tests from 1 to 3 times a year.... The doctor appears.. In fact, by using medicine, the doctor seeks to reduce the number of viruses in the patient's liver and blood.. After 24 weeks of treatment, the doctor checks the level of the virus in the blood and determines the viral load.. In some cases, it is necessary for the patient to repeat the test several times.. It is there to protect the liver from future damage.. it** Two categories of drugs are considered for treatment.... interferon by injection and ribavirin, which was prescribed to the patient as a supplement.... each of these drugs has its own side effects that cause discomfort in the patient... - nausea and vomiting - Fever - Body aches - Long fatigues - Depression and behavioral and concentration disorders 2... Side effects of ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C - Excessive and long-term fatigue - Congestion in the nose - Decrease in the number of red blood cells - Itching and skin problems It should be noted that these side effects are high at the beginning of the treatment and gradually decrease... ** Mental and psychological symptoms in patients with hepatitis C ** Since this type of hepatitis has no cure and causes a disruption in a person's life... Therefore, the patient may suffer from mental disorders such as depression... Usually, in addition to prescribing drug treatments, doctors also use psychological treatments to help the patient and refer him to counseling centers... These patients may experience the following for a short or long time: 1 .... feeling sad and crying 2... Reluctance to have sex 3... feeling powerless and weak 4... Thoughts of suicide 5.. Not getting enough sleep or sleeping more than usual 6 .... weight loss due to anorexia 7... Weight gain and overeating 8 ... feeling tired 9 .... experiencing long pains 10... restlessness **Hepatitis D** This disease, like other types, is infectious and targets the liver... This virus is an advanced type of hepatitis B... In fact, this virus is spread in the patient's body with infections caused by type B... This virus is very rare, but it is considered one of the severe and dangerous types of hepatitis that has no treatment... **ways of disease transmission** 1... This virus is present in the blood, saliva, sperm and in general secretions of the sick person's body... 2... The transmission of the virus happens only through contact with the sick person... 3... Types of sexual relations... 4... Transmission from mother to baby ### Factors aggravating the possibility of contracting the disease 1 .... patients with hepatitis B 2... Using blood and blood products infected with this virus 3 .... using a common syringe ### **Symptoms of the disease** It should be noted that this disease does not always have symptoms, but this disease may show the following symptoms: 1 .... Jaundice 2 .... pain in the abdomen 3... joint and muscle pain 4 .... Vomiting and nausea 5 .... dark urine 6 .... Anorexia The symptoms of this disease are very similar to type B... This disease can be diagnosed using blood tests and liver function tests.... **how to treat the disease** There is no cure for hepatitis D. It should be said that the antiviral drugs used for other types of hepatitis do not have an effect on this type. In fact, the measures taken when contracting this disease only include the following: 1 .... Absolute rest in bed 2 .... drinking a lot of liquids, especially water, to prevent dehydration 3... Avoid taking different medicines as much as possible 4... Avoiding food and using a healthy diet 5 .... the use of anti-nausea drugs The treatment of patients who suffer more pain should be done in the hospital because these patients need antibiotics, vitamin K, blood plasma and plenty of fluids.... Note that the treatment and use of the antiviral drug alpha interferon will only be effective for patients who are in the early stages... In patients who suffer from severe liver damage or liver cirrhosis, liver transplant surgery is very dangerous, and in 7% of cases, this operation is very dangerous, and this.... in cases where the person survives for about 5 years after the transplant.... liver transplant will also bring many problems and the liver may be rejected by the body... Considering the above, it is clear that the only way to get rid of this disease is to prevent it... This will be possible by preventing hepatitis B... the following actions It can reduce the risk of this type of hepatitis: 1... Use of vaccine: Hepatitis B vaccine is made and available to people... This vaccine must be given to children... Also, adults who are susceptible to various infections will also be given priority to receive the vaccine.... This vaccine is injected in three stages and in a period of 6 months.... 2... Using condoms in sex, especially if it is different from sex... Drugs... 4... Tattooing in centers Authentic and completely hygienic that use disposable needles... **Hepatitis E** This disease is spread by the hepatitis E virus in the patient's liver and causes it to become infected.... This virus does not lead to a chronic disease and recovers after a while.... **ways of disease transmission** 1.... This virus is present in feces infected with the virus and is absorbed by the person's body through the intestines.... 2.... It enters the body by drinking contaminated water.... 3.... This disease is self-limiting and then disappears in a certain period of time.... 4... Using uncooked meat or contaminated meat products... 5... Transmission through the virus... 6... Transmission from mother to fetus ### **Symptoms of the disease** This disease can remain latent in the patient's body for 2 to 10 weeks.. But on average, this disease remains latent for 5 to 6 weeks.. The infected person can transmit the virus to others a few days after the onset of the disease.. Normally, hepatitis E does not show any symptoms or is very mild.. But the following are the common symptoms of this disease: 1... mild fever 2 .... loss of appetite 3... Nausea and vomiting (only a few days) 4... Scattered pains in the abdomen 5... Itching 6 .... pain in the joints 7... Darkness of urine 8.... Sensitivity to touching the liver 9 .... Jaundice The remarkable thing about this disease is that in rare cases, hepatitis E can turn into an acute disease with liver failure and even lead to the death of the patient. **how to diagnose and treat the disease** Definitive diagnosis of this disease in the body is based on a blood test... stool tests can also be used to check and diagnose this disease... most patients who are infected with this virus do not need treatment and this infection will naturally leave their body after a few months... but it should be noted that in order to get rid of the disease faster and reduce liver damage, the following must be observed: 1... In people with a weak immune system, pregnant women, and patients with liver problems, more and planned precautions should be taken.... because they may suffer more severe infections.... 3... In the first 2 weeks of the disease, if you are infected, avoid preparing food for others.... 2 weeks of the disease.... **Prevention of the disease** 1.... in case of contact with a sick person, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap and then dry them with a clean towel.... 2.... be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before eating and after using the toilet.... 3.... in some cases, it has been seen that the use of antiviral drugs causes the virus to disappear in the body of patients with.... eating raw or half-cooked snails.... Use boiled water... **Hepatitis G** The name of this virus is derived from the name of a surgeon who was infected with it for the first time... According to the investigations, it has been determined that this virus is sensitive to ether... Also, this disease can cause chronic liver disease and cause discomfort in the patient... Of course, there have not been enough studies on this species... Blood products... The remarkable thing about the statistics of people suffering from this disease is the change in its prevalence... In fact, this disease has been observed among different groups as follows... Hemophilia patients: The incidence rate is about 18%... 3.... people who use injectable drugs: statistics about 33%.... 4.... patients with hepatitis B: about 10%.... 5.... patients with chronic HCV: about 20%.... 6... According to the studies and investigations carried out regarding this disease, it has been found that this virus is not infectious in the body of hepatitis. person... but it can still cause a chronic disease in a person... it is also known that this virus has higher numbers in the body of people with HCV and HBV... **Methods for treating the disease** It should be said that there is no specific treatment for this disease. In fact, to treat it, it is better to do the following: 1.. Resting the patient 2... Avoiding alcohol and alcoholic beverages 3 ... healthy and fat-free diet In the chronic stage, this disease can cause damage to the liver... Hepatitis is one of the common diseases that may have high and unknown statistics due to remaining silent in the body of the infected person... In many cases, the patient does not have clinical symptoms and continues his daily life... But the important thing in this case is that the carrier can easily infect the people who are in contact with him. These viruses cause various infections in the body by disrupting the function of the liver (an important and vital organ responsible for the absorption and destruction of body toxins). Therefore, in the next few months, in more acute cases, it is necessary to see a doctor and receive special medical treatments to control and cure the disease. But some of these diseases are incurable if they become acute, become acute and even aggravate liver cancer. Red and white meat before eating, washing hands before eating and after going to the toilet are among the tips that reduce the risk of contracting this disease. Consultation with a specialist doctor will increase the recovery process and get rid of this disease. **\*Gastroenterologist in Mashhad\***