The role of saliva in oral health and procedures

Saliva is a key liquid in the mouth that facilitates the initial digestion of food with its enzymes and protective compounds, strengthens tooth enamel, and maintains the pH balance of the oral environment. Any decrease in saliva secretion can lead to dry mouth, increased caries and gum problems. In the following, we will examine the role of saliva in oral health and how to increase it. **composition of saliva** Saliva is mainly composed of water, but it also contains the following substances: - Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium - Amylase and lysozyme enzymes that play a role in digesting carbohydrates and disinfecting bacteria Mucoproteins that help keep the surface of the mouth moist - Antimicrobial agents and antibodies such as immunoglobulin A to fight pathogens **main functions of saliva** The main function of saliva is to secrete the enzyme amylase for the initial digestion of starch in the mouth. Saliva creates a protective layer on tooth enamel that prevents acids and caries-causing bacteria. This substance helps to keep the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue moist and prevents dryness and irritation caused by friction. Adjusting the pH of the oral environment by the buffering ions of saliva is one of the keys to maintaining the acid-base balance and preventing enamel degradation. **Importance in preventing oral diseases** Adequate secretion of saliva is an important factor in preventing the following diseases: - Tooth decay that is reduced by washing bacteria and neutralizing acids - Gum inflammation and bleeding, which occurs less by facilitating the cleaning of microbial plaques Oral thrush that grows less with the presence of saliva disinfectants - Bad breath that is reduced by diluting the odor compounds produced by bacteria **Effective factors in reducing saliva secretion** 1. Dehydration caused by insufficient fluid intake or excessive sweating. 2. Certain medications such as antihistamines, antidepressants, and antihypertensive medications. 3. Chronic diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes and autoimmune diseases. 4. Aging that naturally reduces the amount of secretion of salivary glands. 5. Stress and anxiety that stop saliva production by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system. **Methods to increase saliva secretion** ### **1. Proper hydration** Drinking at least 8 glasses of water a day is the first step to maintain adequate saliva production. Consuming mineral waters containing electrolytes also helps to maintain the ionic balance of saliva. Also **the effect of water on tooth decay** should be taken seriously. ### **2. Mechanical stimulation by chewing** Chewing sugar-free gum or using low-sugar candies stimulates salivary glands and increases saliva flow. It is recommended to choose gums containing xylitol, which in addition to stimulating saliva, also prevent tooth decay. ### **3. Use of irritating foods and drinks** Lemon, orange, orange and other less sweet citrus fruits stimulate the secretion of saliva. Warm and mild drinks such as ginger or mint tea are associated with stimulating the release of saliva. ### **4. Salivary gland massage** Using your fingertips, you can gently massage the parotid glands (next to the ear) and the subtonsillar glands (on the floor of the mouth). This helps to increase the blood flow in the area and the secretion of more saliva. ### **5. Regulating medications and seeing a doctor** If you are taking medications that cause dry mouth, talk to your doctor about adjusting the dosage or replacing that medication. In severe cases, the doctor may prescribe drugs that stimulate the secretion of saliva, such as furosemazine. ### **6. Breathing exercises and stress management** Deep and regular breathing, meditation and yoga facilitate the secretion of saliva by reducing the level of sympathetic stress in the body. Using relaxation techniques before meals is also effective. ### **7. Supplements and Nutrition** Taking vitamin B and vitamin C supplements can improve salivary gland health. Necessary nutrients such as zinc and selenium in foods such as fish, whole grains and legumes help to secrete saliva better. Also know this ** lack of vitamin D and calcium affects the strength of teeth**. ### **final remarks** Saliva is more than a simple liquid that digests food. This spontaneous liquid is a natural protector of the mouth and defends the teeth, gums and oral mucosa against external threats. Paying attention to hydration, following a low-stress lifestyle and small changes in diet can easily increase saliva secretion and prevent oral problems. ### **