What is a brain tumor, types, symptoms, treatment methods and risk factors

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] **What is brain tumor** Brain cells should not grow and divide normally.. But in this disease, the cells multiply unexpectedly and uncontrollably, and as a result, a mass of abnormal cells is created in the brain, which is called a brain tumor... Despite the structure of the skull that surrounds the brain, this tumor or brain mass causes an increase in volume and pressure on other brain tissues and the skull wall.... **Types of brain tumor** There are two types of brain tumors, benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous), which today are classified in 4 different levels from grade 1 (the most benign) to grade 4 (the most malignant). - Third grade brain tumor - Grade 4 brain tumor Each of these brain tumor types is described here ### **Grade 1 brain tumor:** It is benign (non-cancerous) and grows slowly.. The cells look almost normal under the microscope.. It is rarely seen in adults and usually people with this type of tumor live a normal life.. It grows relatively slowly and sometimes spreads to the adjacent normal tissue and recurs.. The cells look a little abnormal under the microscope and in some cases it turns out that the tumor is of a higher grade.. Malignant (cancerous), the abnormal cells are actively multiplying and the tumor spreads to adjacent normal areas of the brain.. The cells look abnormal under the microscope and often tend to come back as a higher grade tumor. As a result, the tumor forms new blood vessels to sustain rapid growth.. These tumors have areas of dead cells (called necrosis) in their center... **Brain Tumor Classification by Origin** Brain tumors are divided into two categories: primary brain tumors and secondary tumors.. A primary brain tumor originates from the brain, but a secondary brain tumor (metastatic tumor) occurs when cancer cells from other organs, especially the kidney, lung, colon, breast, and skin, are transferred to the brain through the lymph and blood and spread there.. There are more than 100 types of brain tumors.. and meningioma, which are classified as primary brain tumors based on their origin. Primary brain tumors - #### Glioma brain tumor: Depending on the type of glial cells, they are divided into 3 categories: astrocytic tumors, oligodendroglial tumors, and glioblastoma, which is the most aggressive type of tumor in this category (grade 4)... - meningioma brain tumor: It is formed in the meninges, it is not malignant, but it causes problems by pressing on the brain.... - #### Schwannoma brain tumor: It damages the protective covering of nerve cells, which are also not malignant, but often cause hearing loss or balance disorders.... - #### Medulloblastoma: They are most commonly seen as brain tumors in children, although they can occur at any age.... - #### Germ cell tumors: This tumor may develop in childhood.... - #### Brain tumor that develops in the pituitary gland: This tumor is also not malignant and its growth is slow. - The most common brain tumors in adults are called glioma and meningioma.. Glial cells are the origin of glioma tumor... Glioma cancer may be composed of different types of glial cells, and as a result, the types of tumors caused by it can include astrocytoma that originates from cerebellar astrocytes, oligodendroglial tumor that usually occurs in the prefrontal lobe, and Glioblastoma, which originates from the brain tissue and is the most severe type of brain tumor.. Membranes... The pituitary gland plays an important role in regulating the body's hormones and its tumors are usually benign... - The pineal gland plays a role in regulating the body's circadian rhythm by secreting the hormone melatonin... It may create a benign or malignant tumor... - An ependymoma tumor is usually near this tumor. is. Important hormones are secreted, and with its growth, it can affect this gland and other brain structures... - Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system, which is malignant. Meningioma and schwannoma tumors occur between the ages of 40 and 70. Schwannomas are the same in men and women... They develop and cause imbalance.... - Medulloblastoma is the most common cancerous tumor in children that grows in the back of the head and tends to spread through the spinal fluid.. ### **Secondary Brain Tumors** Most of the brain cancers are of this type and are caused when the cancer has developed in another part and has spread to the brain.... The following cancers can spread or metastasize to the brain: - Lung cancer - Breast cancer - Kidney cancer - Skin cancer Unfortunately, secondary tumors are always malignant because their primary origin is malignant and spreads to the brain.... while benign tumors do not spread from one part of the body to another... ### **Brain Tumor Symptoms** The symptoms of this disease depend on things like size, location, proximity to which part of the brain, etc... Some tumors directly damage the brain tissue, while others indirectly put pressure on the tissues around the brain (increased ICP pressure) and if the tumor is growing, it causes more severe symptoms with more pressure on the brain. It also aggravates it... The patient may also experience the following: - Vomiting blurred vision - Two noses - Confusion - Chills and tremors, especially in adults - Weakening of a part of the face - Change in mental performance - Shocking - Memory loss - Impaired reading and writing - Changes in the ability to hear, taste and smell - Decreased consciousness - Difficulty in swallowing - Eye problems such as drooping eyelids - The unevenness of the pupils, which indicates high brain pressure - Uncontrollable movements - Loss of balance - Loss of bladder and urine control Numbness and numbness of a part of the body - Difficulty in speaking and understanding the words of others - Changes in mood, personality, emotions and behavior - Walking disorder - Weakening of the muscles of the face and hands and feet - Inability to concentrate If the tumor is in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, it can cause extracranial complications because these glands play a very important role in regulating body functions.. As a result, the tumor in these places may cause disturbances in things such as the function of the thyroid gland, secretion of sex hormones, body growth, parathyroid gland, mood, etc... For example, the antidiuretic hormone is secreted in the hypothalamus, and when a tumor develops in this area, the patient may be suspected of having a clinical diagnosis of urinary frequency. Examples of extracranial brain tumor symptoms include the following: - If the tumor puts pressure on the respiratory center which is in the medulla, the person may suffer from apnea and shortness of breath to the point where he needs a ventilator... Transcranial brain tumor and other diseases should only be diagnosed by a doctor and by performing special clinical tests. - The growth of breast tissue in men or the development of gynecomastia and female symptoms in them - Enlarging hands and feet due to growth hormone disorders - Sensitivity to cold and heat - Increased body hair and hirsutism - Visual impairment such as blurred vision ### **Five brain tumor symptoms that should not be ignored** 1....Exacerbation of headaches in people who were healthy....These headaches are more severe in terms of frequency and strength and are especially alarming when they are accompanied by nausea and vomiting....The intensity of these headaches may decrease over time, but they will continue for a long time, which indicates an increase in intracranial pressure or ICP....Headaches are more in the morning and sometimes after waking up. It is not treatable like aspirin... Every person may encounter such symptoms during his life which do not always mean a tumor, but it is better to see a doctor to be sure of the danger of this warning sign, especially when it is accompanied by nausea and vomiting.. 2... Weakness, numbness or balance problems may appear suddenly in a person with a tumor. .... 3 .... visual changes may be unpleasant symptoms of the effect on the optic nerve.... Symptoms such as blurred vision, diplopia or diplopia, hypersensitivity to light or photophobia, etc. are among these symptoms... A brain tumor may disable the nerves that go from the eye to the back of the brain and cause black spots in a person's vision, but it is not one of the causes of a brain tumor... 5... Confusion or subtle and abnormal changes in a person's mental state may be detected by family members or friends of the patient... For example, the patient may forget to turn off the stove or his usual route, or experience subtle personality changes such as isolation or aggression. which only people close to him will notice... ##*# **in The doctor first diagnoses the patient by inquiring about the patient's clinical symptoms, and the items mentioned in the brain tumor symptoms section help him in the differential diagnosis of brain tumor with other diseases... Then he examines the patient's medical records and inquires about his family history. If necessary, the neurologist will perform other tests such as a CT scan of the head without contrast or with contrast material to see the blood vessels more accurately in order to more safely examine the structures in the brain. gives.. Other methods that the doctor may use are: - Angiography: In this method, the doctor inserts a catheter from the groin and examines the blood supply to the tumor using contrast agents and imaging devices to determine whether it is benign or malignant and the extent of its spread. Is the tumor benign or malignant and its metastases to the surrounding tissues.. The condition of the liver, the location of the tumor, its size, the priority of the treatment method, the type of tumor, etc.. There are other things that are effective in the treatment of the patient... The most common treatment for malignant tumors is surgery, which aims to remove as much of the tumor as possible without damaging other parts of the brain. There is no shortage of them. Patients with malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma undergo surgery to remove the tumor and then undergo several sessions of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. A background is a limitation..Benign tumors that pose a clinical risk are surgically removed and metastasized brain tumors are treated according to the recommendations for the type of original cancer..However, surgery can be used as an adjunctive treatment alongside other treatments such as radiation therapy..NHS.uk Magazine, Benign (non-cancerous) tumors are usually successfully removed by surgery and do not grow back....it depends more on Whether the surgeon was able to safely remove the entire tumor.... If part remains, it can be monitored with a brain scan or treated with radiotherapy.. Main treatments.... Other treatments used for brain tumors include: Treatment with radiotherapy drugs: Radiotherapy drugs are substances that have a special isotope and destroy cancer cells by going to the tumor site.... Microwave therapy: These waves cause radiation and heat, and as a result, burn the tumor cells. It is more effective than standard radiation therapy with X-rays... As it was said, the treatment of brain tumors depends on the size, type, location, condition of the patient, age, underlying diseases and drugs that he takes and.... the body... in the event of a disorder, it crushes nerve cells that cannot be reproduced and causes irreversible complications.. ##### Astrocytoma Tumors that begin to grow from star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes. These tumors can be of any grade.. In adults, astrocytoma often begins to grow and appear in the brain. Grade 4 astrocytoma: This type may be called glioblastoma or malignant astrocytic glioma.. Tumors begin to grow and appear in the meninges.... These tumors can be grade 1, 2, or 3.... These tumors are usually benign (grade 1) and grow slowly... ##### oligodendroglioma These tumors arise from fat-forming cells that cover and support nerves....These tumors often develop in the brain....These types of tumors are most common in middle-aged people....They can also be grade 1 or 2..Common types of tumors include: Medulloblastoma The tumor usually originates in the spinal cord.. This tumor is often called a primary neuroectoderm tumor.. This is a grade 4 brain tumor.. In children, this low-grade tumor can occur anywhere in the brain.. The most common type of astrocytoma in children is juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, which is grade 1... #### Ependymoma These tumors grow linearly from cells that are located along the ventricles or central canals of the spinal cord. These tumors are mainly seen in children or young adults and can be grade 1, 2 or 3. #### Brain stem glioma Tumors form in the lowest part of the brain.. This type can include low or high grade tumors.. The most common type is diffuse medial pontine glioma.. ### **What factors are known as risk factors for brain tumor?** - Family history: only 5 to 10% of cancers are hereditary, and rarely is heredity the main cause of tumor formation.... If several members of your family have been diagnosed with a brain tumor, you can talk to a doctor or a geneticist about this. Do this more often in emergencies and as directed by your doctor, as some types of radiation are tumorigenic.. Hiroshima, Japan caused cancer to persist among Japanese survivors for generations.. Our immune system is very active in chicken pox disease and can find the necessary ability to fight cancer..