The effect of drugs on the speed of tooth movement

Orthodontics is one of the common methods for correcting dental and jaw abnormalities. This treatment is based on the application of controlled mechanical forces on the teeth, which causes them to move in the jawbone over time. However, this process is influenced by various factors: including genetics, age, bone health, and of course medication. Some drugs can speed up or slow down the movement of teeth, and for this reason, knowing them is very important for the orthodontist and even the patient. In this article, from the website of **Dr. Najmeh Tadredaranjad**, a doctor specializing in the field of **Mashhad orthodontics**, we examine the effect of different drugs on the speed of tooth movement in orthodontics. **tooth movement mechanism in orthodontics** To better understand the effect of drugs, we must first understand how tooth movement occurs in orthodontics. When a force is applied to the tooth, the pressure is transferred to the bone around the tooth. On the compressive side, bone is destroyed (by osteoclasts), and on the tensile side, ossification occurs (by osteoblasts). This process is called bone regeneration and is the main basis of orthodontic treatment. **Read more" review of the most important complications of postponing orthodontic sessions** Taking drugs can accelerate or inhibit tooth movement by interfering with these cellular processes. Medicines that slow tooth movement ### **non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs** Medicines such as ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin are used to reduce pain and inflammation, but by inhibiting the COX enzyme, they reduce the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play a key role in the stimulation of osteoclasts, so their reduction can slow bone resorption and thus slow tooth movement. **Clinical note:** Long-term use of NSAIDs may slow down the orthodontic treatment process. For this reason, if a pain reliever is needed, acetaminophen (which does not have the same effect on bone) is a better option. ### **Bisphosphonates** These drugs are usually prescribed to treat osteoporosis or certain bone cancers. They prevent bone destruction by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts. As a result, the tooth movement in patients using these drugs slows down or even stops. **Read more" The main causes of tooth yellowing in orthodontics and prevention strategies** **Examples:** Alendronite, Risedronite, Zoledronic acid. **Important note:** Orthodontic treatment for people taking parenteral bisphosphonates should be done with extreme caution because of the risk of jawbone necrosis. ### **Corticosteroids** Corticosteroids such as prednisolone and dexamethasone have complex effects. Their short-term use may facilitate tooth movement, but long-term use, by reducing bone density, may have a negative effect on tooth movement and gum health. Medicines that accelerate tooth movement ### **Prostaglandins** As mentioned, prostaglandins play a role in the stimulation of osteoclasts. In laboratory studies, local injection of prostaglandins has increased the speed of tooth movement. Of course, its clinical application is still in research stages. ### **Vitamin D** Vitamin D can facilitate tooth movement by regulating calcium and increasing the activity of osteoclasts. Some studies have shown that topical or systemic administration of vitamin D can be beneficial in certain conditions, but there is still insufficient evidence to recommend it widely. **Read more" The main reasons for orthodontic return + ways to prevent** ### **thyroid hormones** Thyroxine hormone increases metabolism and bone activity. In patients with hyperthyroidism (both natural and drug), tooth movement is usually faster than normal. **Clinical note:** Thyroid patients should coordinate with their doctor so that the dosage of their medications is adjusted and the orthodontic treatment process is under control. ### **other drugs with variable effects** #### **Antibiotics** Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, have shown effects on bone in experiments, but there is no conclusive evidence of their effect on tooth movement. **Read more" Is it possible to have an MRI with orthodontics?** #### **Antiepileptic drugs (such as phenytoin)** These drugs may cause increased gum growth (gingival hyperplasia), which can affect orthodontic treatment, but do not directly affect the rate of tooth movement. **Clinical considerations for patients and orthodontists** - **Detailed medication interview:** The orthodontic specialist must check the patient's medication history in the first session. Even the occasional use of some medications (such as ibuprofen) should be mentioned. - **Coordination with the attending physician:** In patients who take certain medications (such as cancer or thyroid patients), it is necessary to cooperate with the attending physician to adjust the dosage of the medication and assess the risk. - **Ethical and research considerations:** The use of drugs to accelerate orthodontic treatment should be done with safety, legal approvals, and medical ethics in mind. #### **Conclusion** The effect of drugs on the speed of tooth movement in orthodontics is a vital and multidimensional issue. Some drugs, such as NSAIDs and bisphosphonates, can slow the healing process, while other drugs or compounds, such as vitamin D or thyroxine, may speed it up. Awareness of these effects helps the orthodontist to have a detailed treatment plan and prevent possible complications. Finally, any drug use during orthodontic treatment should be done with the knowledge and consultation of a specialist doctor. Informed decisions are a necessary condition to achieve the best treatment results.