Eye emergencies

Eye Emergencies

Eye emergencies are cases that should be treated as soon as possible and the lack of timely treatment causes irreparable damage to the eyes and visual system. Eye emergencies include: chemical burns - radiation burns and thermal burns - eyelid tears - corneal tears - scleral tears - presence of foreign objects on the cornea - foreign objects inside the eye - intraocular bleeding - central retinal vein and artery blockage - diplopia

Chemical burns

include acid and base burns. Eye burns with acidic and alkaline substances are both dangerous. Game burns are more dangerous than acid burns. In the group of game burns, ammonia burns are the most dangerous. The basis of treatment in such cases is that in chemical burns of any kind, the first step is to immediately wash the eyes in plenty of water until the concentration of acidic and alkaline substances is completely neutralized. In such cases, even if clean water is not available, any type of water that is available, even non-sterile water, should be used. The next step is to take the patient to a specialized ophthalmology center so that further procedures can be performed in a specialized manner.

Radiation burns

These types of burns usually occur as a result of long-term exposure of the cornea of the eye to harmful rays such as ultraviolet rays and cause burns and corneal ulcers. The most important of these types of burns are corneal burns in welders - skiers and burns caused by solar lamps. The symptoms of these types of burns are severe pain, extreme sensitivity to light, feeling of a foreign body and excessive tearing. The basis of treatment for these types of burns is to close the eyes along with rest and use of painkillers to control the pain and use of antibiotic and cycloplegic drops, of course, with the doctor's prescription. The prognosis of treatment in such cases is good, and if burns do not involve the deep layers of the cornea, complete recovery is usually achieved within 24 to 48 hours. It is very necessary and important to mention that in such cases, anesthetic drops such as tetracaine should not be used to relieve pain, because the use of anesthetics causes a delay in the repair of the corneal cells, and in the meantime, sometimes an infection gets on them and causes irreparable visual damage. It should be noted that if the eyes are exposed to ultraviolet rays for a long time, this radiation may pass through the cornea and the clear tissues of the eye and be absorbed by the retina. cause burns and destruction of retinal cells. In such cases, these burns cause a severe loss of vision and are usually not curable. Especially if these rays cause burns to the macula, the loss of vision is much more severe and dangerous. Therefore, you should never look directly at the radiation because when you look directly at the sun and welding light, these rays are more absorbed by the macula and cause severe damage. .

Thermal burns

Thermal burns in most cases involve the eyelids. Swelling and redness of the eyelids are important symptoms of this condition. In such cases, the cornea and other parts of the eye are often not damaged due to the involuntary closing of the eyelids. The basis of the treatment of this type of burns is the same as the treatment of burns in other parts of the body, that is, the use of systemic painkillers such as morphine and the use of antibiotic ointments such as tetracycline. One of the most important actions in such burns is to sew the upper eyelid to the lower eyelid with four-zero silk suture thread to prevent eyelid wrinkling and the eyelids turning outward.

Corneal tear

Corneal tears are very dangerous because the inner parts of the eye are exposed to infection and it is possible that the structures inside the eye will also be damaged. When heavy blows are inflicted on the eye and there is a possibility of a tear in the cornea or the eyeball, you should not put pressure on the eye or bandage the eye because in this case the contents of the eye may spill out and the parts of the eyeball may prolapse (overlap) and cause serious damage to the eye. Therefore, when facing such injuries, it is better to avoid manipulation of the eye by non-specialists and send the injured person to specialized ophthalmology centers as soon as possible.

Foreign objects

If foreign objects are placed on the surface of the cornea and do not penetrate into deeper layers, there is no problem for the person and they can be easily removed from the surface of the cornea without causing damage to the eye. Foreign bodies can include particles of metal, glass, wood and stone or particles of other materials. In any case, they should be removed from the surface of the eye as soon as possible. However, if these objects penetrate into the eye, they may be very dangerous and threaten the person's vision. Therefore, in the face of a person who thinks that something has entered his eye, we should refrain from any manipulation and send the person to specialized ophthalmology centers as soon as possible. In this case, every time a person blinks and the contact of a foreign body with the cornea, the person will experience great discomfort.

Intraocular hemorrhages

These hemorrhages usually occur after severe trauma or in people with diabetes and high blood pressure. In case of severe trauma to the eye, as I explained earlier, the injured person should be sent to specialized ophthalmology centers as soon as possible. Bleeding inside the eye may be in the anterior chamber behind the cornea, in which case it may be seen with the naked eye.

Obstruction of central retinal vein and artery

Since the discussion of the diagnosis of these diseases is not included in this article, I will only mention that these diseases usually occur in diabetics and people with high blood pressure, or people with arteriosclerosis, or people who are smokers and drug addicts, or have very high blood fat, and the most common clinical symptoms are that the vision suddenly disappears without feeling any pain. Therefore, in these cases, the person should be taken to specialized ophthalmology hospitals very quickly. If the person's vision is lost due to the presence of blockage in the central vein and artery of the retina and it takes more than an hour, usually nothing else can be done and the person's vision is permanently lost. So, in such cases, it is not permissible to die in time at all.

In both cases, these cases are among the most dangerous eye emergencies and most of the time lead to complete blindness.

2 comments about "eye emergencies"

1. 

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2. 

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