Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome

Cysts in the ovaries

• High level of male hormones
• Irregular or filled periods

In polycystic ovary syndrome, many fluid-filled sacs develop inside the ovaries. The word "polycystic" means "many cysts".

These bags are actually follicles, each of which contains an immature egg. The eggs never mature enough to trigger ovulation.

Lack of ovulation changes the amount of estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH. Estrogen and progesterone levels are lower than normal, while androgen levels are higher than normal.

Extra male hormones disrupt the menstrual cycle, so women with PCOS get fewer periods than usual.

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What factors cause polycystic ovary syndrome?

Doctors do not know exactly what causes polycystic ovary syndrome. They believe that high amounts of male hormones prevent the ovaries from producing eggs and creating eggs normally.

Genes, insulin resistance, and inflammation have all been linked to androgen overproduction.

Genes

Studies show that polycystic ovary syndrome is hereditary in people.

insulin resistance

Up to 70% of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, which means their cells cannot use insulin properly.

Obesity is the main cause of insulin resistance. Both obesity and insulin resistance can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Common symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome

Some women notice their symptoms around their first period. Others only developed polycystic ovary syndrome after they gained a lot of weight or had trouble conceiving.

The most common symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome are:

Irregular periods of non-ovulation prevent uterine shedding every month. Some women with polycystic ovary syndrome have less than eight periods per year.

Heavy bleeding. The lining of the uterus grows over a longer period of time, so your periods are heavier than usual.

Hair growth

More than 70 percent of women with this disease grow hair on their face and body - including on their back, abdomen and chest.

Acne

Male hormones can cause acne on the skin.

Weight gain

Up to 80% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome are overweight or obese.

Male pattern baldness

The hair on the scalp may fall out severely.

Skin darkening

Dark skin spots can appear in body wrinkles such as the neck, in the groin, and under the breasts.

Headache

Hormonal changes can cause headaches in some women.

Complications of polycystic ovary syndrome

Infertility

To get pregnant, you need to ovulate. Women who do not ovulate regularly do not release eggs that are fertilized. Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the main causes of infertility in women.

Metabolic syndrome

Together, these factors are called metabolic syndrome and increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes and stroke.

Sleep apnea

This condition causes frequent pauses in breathing during the night, which interrupts sleep.

Sleep apnea is more common in women who are overweight - especially if they also have polycystic ovary syndrome. The risk of sleep apnea in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome is 5 to 10 times higher than in people without polycystic ovary syndrome.

Endometrial cancer

During ovulation, the uterine lining is shed. If you don't ovulate every month, the lining can develop.

The thick layer of the uterus can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.

Depression

Both hormonal changes and symptoms such as unwanted hair growth can negatively affect your mood. Many people with polycystic ovary syndrome eventually suffer from depression and anxiety.

Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome

Doctors usually diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome in women who have at least two of these three symptoms:

• High level of androgens
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Cysts in the ovaries

The doctor should ask you if you have symptoms such as acne, facial and body hair growth, and weight gain.

A pelvic exam can look for problems with your ovaries or other parts of your reproductive system.

Blood test checks the amount of male hormones higher than normal. Blood tests may also be done to check cholesterol, insulin, and triglyceride levels to assess your risk of developing disease-related conditions such as heart disease and diabetes.

Pregnancy and polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome interrupts the menstrual cycle and makes pregnancy more difficult. Between 70 and 80 percent of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have fertility problems.

This condition can also increase the risk of pregnancy complications. Women who have polycystic ovary syndrome.

What activities should people with polycystic ovary syndrome do for fertility?

However, women with polycystic ovary syndrome can get pregnant using fertility treatments that improve ovulation. Losing weight and lowering blood sugar can improve the chances of having a healthy pregnancy.

Diet and lifestyle tips for treating polycystic ovary syndrome

Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome usually starts with lifestyle changes such as weight loss, diet and exercise.

Any diet that helps you lose weight can help your condition. However, some diets may have advantages over others.

Exercise is even more beneficial when combined with a healthy diet. Exercise plus diet can help you lose more weight than interventions alone, and it lowers your risks for diabetes and heart disease.

There is some evidence that acupuncture can help improve polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed.

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