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**Surgical challenges in hypothyroid patients**
Since thyroid hormones have important effects on almost all organs of the body, the complications associated with thyroid dysfunction are very different and important. Stresses, physical and mental pressures that occur during surgery can aggravate thyroid disorders and in some cases lead to serious injuries and even death. **Is hypothyroidism dangerous for anesthesia?**
Hypothyroidism slows drug metabolism, so the addition of pharmacologic agents that suppress respiratory function (such as sedatives or anesthetics) can precipitate respiratory failure. Even if catecholamine levels are high in these patients, hypothyroid patients are prone to hypotension under anesthesia due to decreased beta-energetic receptors. Hypothyroidism and anesthesia lead to surgical challenges. ... Diagnosing hypothyroidism before surgery is necessary for safe anesthesia management of these patients... Surgery should not be performed in case of untreated hypothyroidism... Thyroid supplements should be given to hypothyroid patients before emergency surgery. Hypothermia during and after surgery and electrolyte disturbances are relatively common and should be monitored. Familiarity with the mechanisms of thyroid disorders before surgery is the most effective and best way to improve patients' conditions. It is overactive and underactive thyroid... In the following, you will learn about the negative effects of hypothyroidism and its effect on surgeries... #### **cardiovascular failure**
Thyroid hormones have a significant effect on the cardiovascular, vascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, blood supply and central nervous system systems. Therefore, they play an important role in hemostasis (physiological balance between blood coagulation and anti-coagulation factors in the body). They are at risk of coronary heart disease complications. It is accompanied by a slowing down of the pulse rate and a decrease in the contractions of the heart... it leads to a decrease in the pulse pressure.... Also, in this category of patients, there is a possibility of blood pressure drop under anesthesia... and pulmonary system failure
Another concern related to hypothyroidism is the dysfunction of the kidney system associated with this disease, which creates many challenges, including the inability to eliminate drug toxins. Weakness of the respiratory muscles, along with respiratory disorders, lack of oxygen, and the increased possibility of obstructive sleep apnea, make it difficult to manage hypothyroidism after surgery in these patients. Anesthetic drugs, sedatives, and narcotics... Dysfunction of the digestive system, which is usually common in patients with hypothyroidism. It manifests as constipation, increasing the tendency for intestinal obstruction or ileus after surgery... Given that opioids and sedatives are used postoperatively, it directly promotes constipation and increases the concern of intestinal obstruction in these patients **##*#**
Hypothyroidism is often associated with normostatic anemia.... This type of anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency due to an autoimmune disease in patients with hypothyroidism.... #### **Myxedema Coma**
A rare and dangerous complication of hypothyroidism surgery is myxedema coma.. This disease leads to death in 80% of cases.. Patients with hypothyroidism often experience physiological changes as a result of the body's attempt to compensate for the lack of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones, the negative effects of its dysfunction can complicate and diminish pre- and post-operative measures, especially during the recovery period. It should be identified and estimated. Studies show that the prevalence of hypothyroidism (abnormal level of thyrotropin hormone) is 21% in women and 3% in men. Normally, testing and screening of thyroid function before surgery is not recommended for patients who do not have a history of thyroid dysfunction. These tests and evaluations should be done to determine the adequacy of the treatment and ensure the appropriateness of the drug dosage.
In addition, the pathophysiological changes associated with hypothyroidism are reversible, and replacing thyroid hormone in the form of oral medications such as levothyroxine instead of taking levothyroxine tablets increases its risk. It is better to postpone non-emergency surgeries until adequate treatment with thyroid hormone.. To know **Is there a connection between hypothyroidism and blood pressure disease?** Click on the inserted link.. Consult with **the best thyroid surgeon**
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