Familiarity with the use and advantage of various types of intelligence tests

In cognitive psychology, intelligence is known as one of the most fundamental and complex abilities of the human mind. From the first attempts to define intelligence as the ability to solve problems and adapt to the environment to more modern theories such as Gardner's multiple intelligences, views on what and how to measure intelligence have changed. In the meantime, various tools have been developed to evaluate different aspects of intelligence under the title of intelligence tests. Types of intelligence tests are psychometric tools designed to measure various aspects of cognitive abilities. Depending on the theoretical approach behind them, these tests may focus on analytical, verbal, numerical, spatial, social, or emotional intelligence. For this reason, familiarity with these types of tests is necessary and practical not only for psychology and education specialists, but also for students, human resource managers, and those interested in self-knowledge. Types of intelligence tests are used in different fields to the extent that people use intelligence tests about their future and career choices. In the following, you will get to know the most common and most reliable types of intelligence tests; From classical tests such as Stanford-Binet to more modern tests such as emotional intelligence test, non-verbal tests and multiple intelligence measurement tools. **What is intelligence?** Intelligence is one of the most important mental abilities of humans, which plays a key role in learning, decision making, problem solving, and adaptation to the environment. Intelligence has been one of the most important and controversial topics in the world, and despite the many meanings and interpretations that exist about it, it is not possible to determine a complete and comprehensive meaning for the word intelligence. According to the definition of prominent psychologist David Wechsler, intelligence is "a person's overall capacity for purposeful action, logical thinking, and effective coping with the environment." Also, in the 1996 report of the American Psychological Association (APA), Richard Neisser and colleagues defined intelligence as the ability to reason, solve complex problems, and learn from experiences. ### **3 main theories of types of intelligence from the point of view of psychology** In the science of psychology, different theories have been proposed to classify intelligence; In the following, we will get to know three of the most important theories. #### **1\_ Factor theory (g-Factor)** The first scientific theory about intelligence was presented by Charles Spearman. He believed that all mental abilities are under the influence of a general factor called g (general intelligence). This theory is the main basis of classic IQ tests. Later, Raymond Kettle developed this theory and divided it into two types of fluid intelligence (the ability to solve new problems) and crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge from experience and training). #### **2\_ Theory of Multiple Intelligences** In 1983, Howard Gardner proposed a revolutionary theory based on which intelligence is not a single ability, but a collection of independent and varied abilities. Among the types of intelligence in this theory, we can mention linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, physical-motor, spatial, intrapersonal, interpersonal and naturalistic intelligence. This theory is widely used in education because it respects individual differences in learning. #### **3\_ Sternberg's Triarchic Theory** Robert Sternberg considered intelligence to be a combination of three analytical, creative and practical components. Analytical intelligence is related to solving logical problems; Creative intelligence explains the ability to adapt to new situations, and practical intelligence shows the ability to adapt to real life conditions. This theory shows that success in life is not guaranteed only by high IQ and requires the development of all kinds of intelligence. **What is an intelligence test?** The history of intelligence testing is related to the beginning of the 1900s, which was first proposed by Alfred Binet, a famous French psychologist, which is the basis of intelligence tests that are performed today. Binet believed that intelligence and talent is a broader issue than being able to say a single number definitively, and he also believed that intelligence is influenced by several factors and it is possible to change it over time. Intelligence test or IQ test is one of the most widely used tests around the world, which includes different types. Each of the intelligence tests that are performed examines people's intelligence in separate and slightly different fields. Benefiting from high or sufficient intelligence in various issues and aspects of life is the wish of every person. People can choose the best path for their ideal life by knowing to what extent they have intelligence and talent in various fields such as art, economy, creativity, etc. It should be kept in mind that after performing the intelligence test and its interpretation by psychologists and obtaining a low score in the field of economics, it does not indicate a person's disability or lack of talent; Rather, he may have obtained a high score in the field of art and creativity and can become a very successful artist by using his talent and intelligence in this field. There are some other psychological tests that are used by psychologists to check a person's mental health, such as the MMPI test. ### **Importance of intelligence test and IQ** Intelligence test is very important for self-knowledge and self-evaluation. Knowing the level of intelligence helps people to increase their self-confidence and helps people to progress. Intelligence tests are performed along with various psychological tests to identify the individual characteristics of people and increase their ability to solve problems. ### **application of intelligence test** Intelligence test is used in various cases such as employment tests, school and university entrance exams, and determining the ability of people, and its use can provide people with a suitable classification. One of the most important places where this type of test is used is in schools and to detect the disability in subjects and classify students. With this work, officials and teachers can determine the ability and talent of children in different subjects and focus on increasing and strengthening the individual's skills in those subjects. Identifying and determining the intelligence of people in different subjects causes; that suitable trainings are considered for the person and increase his intelligence. In addition to identifying intelligent people, it is also very important to identify mental disabilities; Because in this case, people will be helped to be in a better position with the techniques of increasing intelligence. Another use of intelligence tests is in finding the best and most suitable job position. Career success depends on health, perseverance, interest and talents, but intelligence is also a very important factor. **types of intelligence test** Now that you are familiar with the user of the IQ test, it is better to familiarize yourself with the types of IQ tests. All kinds of intelligence tests and MBTI personality tests are used for self-discovery and talent identification. Types of modern intelligence (IQ) tests often focus on abilities such as math, reasoning, spatial perception, visual intelligence, problem solving ability, remembering information, etc. and help in improving these abilities. Psychologists and designers of various types of intelligence tests have fixed the defects of old tests over the years and are always trying to introduce and discover new types of tests. The most famous types of intelligence tests are: - Creativity test - Test of comprehension of details - Perception test - Memory test - Math test - Verbal reasoning test - Numerical reasoning test - Video test - Test of comprehension of words and meanings - Visual perception test - Test of understanding the relationship of numbers - Inference and logic test - Spatial visualization test ### ** Cattle intelligence test ** This intelligence test is a suitable test to measure the level of non-verbal intelligence, which is done visually. Kettle's IQ test includes a series of scales based on the age and ability of people, which are categorized into three categories. 1. For children aged 4 to 8 years and people with mental disabilities 2. For children aged 8 to 12 and adults with average intelligence 3. For children 14 and above and adults of superior intelligence This type of test was invented by Dr. Kettle, according to which intelligence is divided into two types: crystallized and fluid. Crystallized intelligence includes beliefs, general knowledge and verbal memory, and fluid intelligence expresses a person's ability to solve problems and biological ability. The uses of Kettle test are: - Help in recognizing learning disabilities - Identifying the probability of student success - Guidance for the career path ### **Gardner Multiple Intelligence Test** One of the other types of intelligence test is Gardner's intelligence test, the elements of which are stated by Howard Gardner. Gardner presented 10 dimensions of intelligence and stated that the amount of each of these dimensions of intelligence will be different in different people. Gardner's different dimensions of intelligence are: - Linguistic intelligence - Musical intelligence - Interpersonal intelligence - Natural intelligence - Intrapersonal intelligence - Movement and physical intelligence - Spatial intelligence - Intelligence of logic and mathematics - Ontological intelligence and knowledge of spiritual issues - Moral intelligence By studying gifted children, people with brain damage and autism, Gardner showed that different parts of the brain have different intelligence. According to Gardner's theory, to get all the talents of each person and to know his capabilities, it is not enough to check the IQ and intelligence of logic and mathematics, but all aspects of intelligence in people need to be checked. The applications of Gardner aptitude test are: - Career counseling and talent search - Academic counseling - Curriculum planning and curriculum counseling - Hiring people based on their talents ### **Stanford Binet Intelligence Test** The Stanford Binet IQ test is one of the most popular types of intelligence tests that are used to identify smart and gifted children and children with intellectual disabilities. This test examines people's abilities in working memory, knowledge, quantitative and fluid reasoning, and visual processing. During this test, the absence of distractions is very important and people should be tested individually without distractions. This test is performed for people over two years old and has a range of scores that classify people's IQ. - 120-160 range: highly talented people - 80-120 range: people with average talent - Range 40-90: People with talent disorders The noteworthy point is that the answer to the Stanford Binet IQ test may be different in different people due to differences in gender, differences in cultures, etc. The Stanford test is used in the following cases: - Helping to adapt in classrooms and educational environments - Evaluation of neurological issues in people - Use in the process of hiring people in the workplace ### **It's load test or emotional intelligence** It is a test to evaluate people's emotional and social intelligence; which nowadays plays a more key role in human success and progress than mental intelligence. Emotional intelligence is one of the most used tests in the recruitment and evaluation of human resources; For this reason, its increase can bring many successes. Emotional intelligence examines people's emotional and social competencies and abilities, which include the level of self-understanding and self-expression, understanding others and interacting with them, managing daily demands and challenges. The social skills that emotional intelligence examines include the following. - The ability to recognize emotions, understand and express emotions - The ability to understand the feelings of others and interact with them - Ability to manage and control emotions - The ability to manage change, adapt and solve personal and interpersonal problems - The ability to create positive effects to motivate oneself, in order to facilitate emotional and social behaviors ### **Emotional intelligence test EQ for children** The initial version of this test was designed by Keder in 2015. Children's emotional intelligence test consists of 31 questions and each question has three visual answer options. #### How to use a child's EQ emotional intelligence test? To evaluate and strengthen emotional intelligence in children and use this test, go through the following steps: **First step - evaluation** At this stage, you should first assess your child. Enter him into the test and show him the pictures. Note that this test is self-administered, so your child must answer the color picture questions in the appropriate conditions. **The second step - study the solutions** At this stage, the mother or guardian should read the proposed methods and recommendations. These solutions are practical exercises that you can specifically use for your child. **The third step – using the game and practice** These exercises are designed to give your children better understanding and more correct solutions and are visible in your interpretation. ### **Raven Intelligence Test** Raven's IQ test evaluates reasoning ability and problem solving ability in people. This test is presented in the form of a picture, and in each question a problem is raised that the person must solve. This test is also known as Raven's progressive matrix tests, and the order of the questions in this test is from easy to hard. Another psychological test that uses images is the Rorschach test; which is used to diagnose schizophrenia in people. The Raven test actually measures abstract reasoning and fluid intelligence. This intelligence helps us to solve our daily problems and to be able to overcome our daily problems. Applications of Raven Intelligence Test or Progressive Matrices are given below: - Using the Raven test in the workplace - Measuring advanced observation and thinking skills - Evaluation of job candidates - Analysis of problem solving skills and individual counseling ### **Raven IQ test for children** Evaluation and measurement of children's characteristics has always been a basic issue in the field of psychology. Many researchers believe that cognitive development in childhood can have a significant impact on people's behavior in adulthood. For this reason, assessment and testing in childhood allows the best possible understanding of the current state of children to be obtained. This better understanding can be essential to adopt timely and practical solutions to prevent psychological problems and improve their ability and performance. Raven Children's Intelligence Test or Raven's Color Progressive Matrix (CPM) is one of the children's visual intelligence measurement tools that has been used in published scientific research. This Raven non-verbal intelligence test is widely used around the world and is recognized as an effective tool. In this test, the ability of the child's potential to create logical connections between stimuli is used. Raven's IQ test for children consists of three sets A, Ab and B, each of which contains 12 items. This test can be applied to children aged 5 to 11, and it can also be used for adults with physical and mental limitations. In the Raven IQ test for children, the subject has to find the original or sample image from among the lower images that have a part of them cut out. This test requires the person to first see the corresponding image accurately and then select the corresponding image from among 6 secondary images. The matrices of this test become progressively more difficult. The time required to perform the Raven IQ test for children is about 30 minutes to 1 hour. This test measures a person's abstract reasoning and fluid intelligence (depending on genetics) and is designed to measure Spearman's g factor or general intelligence. ### **Wechsler Intelligence Test** The Volkser IQ test is one of the most common tests for children; Of course, there are different types for preschool children and adults. This test can measure the IQ and mental and cognitive ability of children. The Wokelser test is usually used as an entrance test for gifted schools. Measuring the speed of information processing, measuring the ability to retain information, measuring the understanding of visual concepts, measuring verbal knowledge are among the uses of the Wechsler test. The Wechsler test was invented by David Wechsler and is one of the most complete and best tests for evaluating the IQ of children and adults. This test evaluates the weaknesses and strengths of children in different fields and compares them with other peers. A high IQ in a specific field cannot necessarily make a person successful in that field because other factors such as the environment, facilities and unforeseen events can affect the success or failure of people. It is not possible to study a lot to prepare for the IQ test; But playing all kinds of mathematical and logical games, solving tables and intelligence puzzles can be helpful. The Wechsler test evaluates different concepts and criteria, which include the following. - Spatial-visual capability - Fluid reasoning - Visual active memory - Ability to name - Combined visual-verbal memory **Bonardel non-verbal intelligence test** Another type of IQ test is Botardel. The Bonnardel IQ test was created by a French designer named Bonnardel and its purpose is to measure the non-verbal intelligence of adults. This test consists of 65 series of pictures or questions, the first 5 series of which are practice and familiarization with the type of questions and the method of answering, and do not affect the grading. Each question consists of a series of images, each series having two groups of images that are all placed in the same row. The three primary images represent the nature of the series, and the six secondary images are the proposed answers, from which the subject must choose one of them as the correct answer. Dr. Bonardel's B53 test measures general intelligence or factor (g) and was designed by the specialists of the online group. In general, this test is simpler than other similar tests, especially the Kettle IQ test, and is more applicable to the general population. However, all our efforts are towards providing the results of the tests in a specialized and accurate manner to the subjects so that the error rate is minimized. The test time is 15 minutes, and during this time, the subject can answer as many questions as he wants, and then the test is over. Our goal is not only to measure intelligence in a popular way, but also to provide conditions for you to gain accurate knowledge of yourself by preparing and compiling international standard tests independent of culture. ### **Semantic Stroop test attention span** The Stroop test, one of the tests produced in the Leipzig Psychological Laboratory, was invented based on McCain Kettle's theory about the difference in speed of reading words and colors. The initial version of this test was introduced as word-color interference test by Stroop. In the Stroop test, changes in the meaning of the words have been applied and the effect of the content of the words on the type of information processing has been considered. It may seem that Stroop effects are just an interesting experiment and have no real effect on human psychology. In fact, this method reveals a lot about how the brain processes and helps us evaluate our ability to think quickly and instinctively. Materials published in psychological journals have been written in this way: the effects observed in the Stroop test provide a clear picture of people's ability to pay selective attention and the effect of certain stimuli on the escape of attentional control. Stroop test is very attractive and has valid applications in the field of psychology and brain study. According to a study at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the Stroop test is valuable in assessing interference control and task coordination in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Also, in some cases, this test can make a difference between people with brain damage and the general population. Subsequent studies have also confirmed these findings, and for this reason, some experts use the Stroop test to evaluate selective attention in brain-damaged patients. ### **Minnesota Spatial Visualization Test** The SVT Spatial Visualization Test or Spatial Perception Test is another type of intelligence test that is part of the mechanical aptitude tests that were developed for the first time at the University of Minnesota in the United States. This test has two forms, AA form and BB form, which are used in parallel to reduce learning effects and record educational changes. The desired spatial visualization test contains the AA form, which is the latest revised version. The applications of this test are: - Assessment of talent in drawing geometric images - Prediction of success in the fields of art, profession and technology - Predicting success in mechanical job fields This test generally includes four examples that first explain the process of answering the test to the person. After providing some examples, 64 images with 5 options are presented online to the participant. ### **Wisconsin card classification test** Card sorting tests have a long history in the field of psychology and go back more than 100 years to their scientific research. In the years following this tradition, Grant and Berg published the now very famous Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The Wisconsin Test is a cognitive reasoning test. Some researchers, including Milner, have used this cognitive test to assess the level of brain damage in the frontal cortex. Simply put, in the Wisconsin Test, one has to sort the cards based on various criteria. In this test, different aspects are recorded, each of which can be interpreted and analyzed separately or in combination. In general, after performing this test, the following can be recorded and presented: - Number of floors completed - Total number of attempts - Number of remaining errors - Correct answers - Wrong answers - Efforts to complete the first pattern - Failure to maintain sequence - Number of conceptual answers - Final interpretation based on brain function ### **Imagination Test** Imagination is a kind of ability that is not perceived through the five senses, and this ability means the formation of mental images of objects or events that do not exist in reality. Each person has a certain level of imagination ability that varies from person to person, from highly developed to poorly developed. The ability to imagine allows us to experience a complete world in the mind. In fact, it allows us to look at situations from different perspectives and mentally explore the past and future. The ability to imagine appears in many forms, and one of them is dreaming. Although dreaming may make a person impractical in some cases, under certain conditions and not interfering with daily activities, it can lead to relaxation and temporary relief from stress. **8 ways to improve intelligence in children** Positive vision and hope, working with music, paying attention to children, exercising, mental challenges, mental games, etc., have many effects on strengthening children's intelligence, and the best course to strengthen people's intelligence and talent is in the era when a person lacks the ability to read and write and before school age. 1. **Encouragement to learn music:** Learning a variety of musical instruments such as the piano or violin helps brain and hand coordination, increases memory and strengthens spatio-temporal intelligence. Harvard University studies have shown that music education in childhood can significantly increase cognitive development and IQ scores. 2. **Regular physical activity and physical games:** Sports such as running, swimming, gymnastics or physical games not only strengthen the health of the body, but also help improve concentration, memory and brain processing speed. 3. **Adequate diet:** A diet including omega-3 fatty acids (fish, walnuts), iron, iodine, protein, and B vitamins is necessary for the development of a child's brain. Deficiency of these substances can impair cognitive function. 4. **Creating a rich learning environment:** A house full of books, educational toys, construction games, and language interactions with the child, becomes the basis for the development of verbal intelligence, mathematical logic, and creativity. 5. **Decreasing time using digital devices:** Reducing the use of tablets and phones and replacing it with intellectual games and practical activities increases the child's ability to solve problems, attention and concentration. 6. Sufficient and regular sleep: Lack of sleep reduces memory and concentration. Regular and sufficient night sleep, especially for preschool children, is essential for mental development. 7. **Encouraging group games and cooperation:** Interactive games such as role-playing, joint Legos, and group puzzles strengthen social intelligence, emotional intelligence, and problem-solving skills in children. 8. **Stress Management and Strengthening Mental Resilience**: By teaching simple techniques such as deep breathing or mental calming games, you can help the child to relax and focus better in new situations. **Doing an intelligence test in Shiraz** Bayat Neurofeedback and Loretta Psychology Center operates in the field of intelligence tests and intelligence tests using the best methods and up-to-date methods. Dear ones, you can visit Bayat Psychology and Loretta Neurofeedback Center in Shiraz to check your IQ and aptitude. All people are curious about their level of intelligence and talent and always seek to increase their level of intelligence. In order to be able to strengthen your intelligence and solve your problems, you must first know the level of your IQ and talent. Different types of intelligence tests help you identify your talent and develop it after identifying it. **Summary** At the Bayat Psychology Clinic, various intelligence tests are performed to determine the level of intelligence and talent of people; So, by visiting this clinic, he can evaluate his intelligence and achieve higher self-knowledge. Taking IQ tests can determine your interest and career and increase the percentage of success in life and the future. If you want to contact our counselors at Bayat Psychology Center; You can visit our contact page. Scientific sources used in this content: Modern Assessments of Intelligence Must Be Fair and Equitable Intelligence subcomponents and their relationship to general knowledge Theories of Intelligence in Psychology