What are the causes of vaginal odor?

Vaginal odor is usually a sign of a female infection (vulvaginitis), although vaginal odor varies depending on the cycle and periods of life. In fact, the vagina is a complete ecosystem that maintains the proper balance of its flora thanks to its bacteria! Vaginal odor does not necessarily mean lack of hygiene. On the other hand, it is often a sign of vaginal flora imbalance caused by bacterial overgrowth. Secretions responsible for vaginal odor Bacteria maintain a good balance to protect the vagina from infection. When this delicate balance is broken, the smell of the vagina can change. But the smell of the vagina is also usually different during the menstrual cycle and periods. For example, as the period approaches, the vaginal odor may become slightly more acidic. Therefore, a strong vaginal odor is not necessarily a sign of infection. For example, sexual intercourse can temporarily change the smell of the vagina, just as the vagina of a woman after menopause will not "smell" the same as a woman in her thirties. So all vaginas have their own scent, which can change depending on periods or disorders. So it's important to know your normal smell to recognize an abnormal change: a different smell isn't necessarily alarming, but it can still be a sign of infection.

**Next, Dr. Bita Zalali, the best gynecologist in Tehran, presents some possible causes of vaginal odor.**

What are the causes of vaginal odor? Infections of the vagina or women (vulvovaginitis or bartholinitis) are very common. Diagnosis should determine whether drug interactions, drug use, general pathologies, or sexually transmitted diseases are responsible for the abnormal odor. Some associated symptoms should alert you. For example, if this strong vaginal odor is accompanied by irritation, itching, abnormally colored vaginal discharge (yellow, green, etc.), then surely the imbalance of the vaginal flora is caused by the proliferation of bacteria.

### Vaginal fungal infections Vaginal yeast infections are mainly caused by Candida albicans fungus. It is estimated that 75% of women may be affected during their lifetime. Certain factors can cause the proliferation of candida albicans: hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy, diabetes, antibiotic use, immunosuppression, corticosteroids, and genetic predisposition. Finally, lifestyle also affects the risk of fungal infections: improper or excessive hygiene, washing inside the vagina ("vaginal douching"), certain sexual practices, spermicides, contraceptive pills, clothing, etc. Treatment is not always necessary and depends on the symptoms. But in case of pregnancy (symptoms may be more severe), topical treatment is recommended for a period of 7 to 14 days.

### Bacterial vaginosis Vaginosis is related to the abnormal loss of bacillus Doderlin, which makes up 95% of the vaginal flora. These bacteria protect the vagina from infections, especially by maintaining an acidic pH. During vaginosis, the amount of bacilli decreases and allows the proliferation of other microbes. Even if it is not a sexually transmitted disease, bacterial vaginosis can reflect a sexual activity. (Its incidence increases with the increase in the number of partners.) It is also the most common cause of vaginal odor (bad-smelling vaginal discharge). The treatment is based on taking antibiotics orally for 7 days.

### Trichomoniasis infection It is the most common parasitic STI in the world (170 million new cases per year). It appears with abnormal vaginal secretions (yellow or green), thick and foul smelling. Most patients have no symptoms. which is generally the reason for the continuation of the infection. The treatment is simple and based on a single dose of antibiotic (metronidazole). Remember that vaginal odor can be caused by poor hygiene (or too much hygiene), stress, antibiotics (which can disrupt vaginal flora), cervical cancer, or even a rectovaginal fistula (abnormal connection between the end of your colon and vagina), etc.

Complications of vaginal odor ❌ Without treatment, the infection responsible for vaginal odor may worsen and increase the risk of other STDs. For example, trichomoniasis increases the risk of contracting or transmitting HIV by lowering immune defenses. Due to vaginosis during pregnancy, it increases the risk of premature birth. So in any case, if the vaginal odor is unusual, see a doctor. How to get rid of vaginal odor? When diagnosing abnormal vaginal odors, the doctor may take a sample to determine whether it is a bacterial or parasitic infection. and therefore suggest an antibiotic treatment. If the patient has a trichomoniasis infection, the doctor usually recommends treating the sexual partner as well. **Please note: Vaginal hygiene does not mean excessive washing! This disrupts its natural flora and increases the risk of infection.** Preferably use mild soaps. All chemical products (deodorants, sanitary napkins, scented toilet paper, etc.) can weaken the mucous membranes of the vagina and prevent natural secretions. On the other hand, the vulva and vagina should always remain moist. That is why natural lubrication takes place. In short, avoid perfumes or irritating products. Observe your personal hygiene at most twice a day and, if possible, use lukewarm water or soap with a neutral pH.