Treatment of triple negative breast cancer
Dr. Shahram Sawad
Karaj
کد عضویت: System code: 87050
**Treatment of triple negative breast cancer** is one of the most challenging treatments among all types of cancer.... In this cancer, cells lack receptors that are normally present on the surface of cancer cells...
If we think of a cancer cell as a house, there are 3 types of locks to enter it... These locks are cell surface receptors:
- estrogen hormone receptor
- progesterone hormone receptor
- human protein receptor called epidermal growth factor (HER2)
If a cancer cell has one of these three locks, it can be treated with some drugs (such as hormone therapy)...
** Triple negative breast cancer ** means that the cancer cells do not have any of these locks.... There are fewer treatment options for this type of cancer, which is why triple negative breast cancer is the most aggressive type of breast cancer....
Types of triple negative breast cancer treatment
### Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy alone or combined with radiation therapy with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is an effective treatment for this type of cancer.... Chemotherapy helps to remove the tumor through surgery by shrinking the cancerous mass....
If there are still cancer cells in the involved tissue after surgery, the doctor recommends the use of oral chemotherapy drug Capecitabine (Zeluda) for 4 to 6 months....
In cases where a person with triple negative cancer has a BRCA genetic mutation and one of the following:
- tumor size between 2 and 5 cm
- Involvement of 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes
Olaparib (Linparza) drug is prescribed up to one year after chemotherapy...
### Surgery
If the cancerous mass is small enough, in the first step, lumpectomy (surgery of the cancerous lump) or mastectomy (total breast surgery) is performed, followed by chemotherapy to prevent cancer recurrence.
### Radiotherapy
In radiation therapy, strong waves are used to destroy cancer cells.. There are two types of radiotherapy.
- External radiotherapy.... the most common type of radiotherapy.... in this method, the beam is irradiated to the desired area by a device that is placed outside the body.
- Internal radiotherapy or brachytherapy.... In this method, radiation is irradiated to the tumor by a radioactive substance that is placed inside the body and in the vicinity of the cancerous tissue...
### Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy activates the body's immune system against cancer cells by targeting checkpoints...
Pembrolizomb is an immunotherapy drug designed against the PD-1 protein.... Normally, the PD-1 protein inhibits immune responses.... The drug pembrolizomb inhibits the activity of this protein and helps cancer cells die.... Approximately 1 in 5 patients with triple negative breast cancer are PD-1 positive.... Treatment of triple negative breast cancer by stage
**Treatment of triple negative cancer** is different based on the size of the tumor and its progress....
In general, the treatment is based on the stage as follows:
### Step 1
- lumpectomy or mastectomy
- Axillary lymph node surgery or biopsy
- radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
### Step 2
- Chemotherapy before surgery
- lumpectomy or mastectomy
- Axillary lymph node surgery or biopsy
- Chemotherapy after surgery
- radiotherapy
- Immunotherapy before and after surgery
### Step 3
- Chemotherapy before surgery
- mastectomy
- Axillary lymph node surgery
- Chemotherapy after surgery
- radiotherapy
- Administration of olaparib to patients with triple negative cancer with BRCA genetic mutation.
- Immunotherapy with pembrolizumab before and after surgery
### Step 4
- Chemotherapy before surgery with anthracyclines, taxanes, capecitabine, gemcitabine or eribulin individually or in combination
- Prescribing platinum-based chemotherapy drugs (such as cisplatin and carboplatin) or targeted PARP inhibitor drugs (such as olaparib and talazoparib) for patients with triple-negative breast cancer with BRCA genetic mutation and resistant to chemotherapy drugs...
- Immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) combined with chemotherapy for patients with triple negative breast cancer who are PD-1 positive.
- Prescribing Cecytosomb Govitican for patients with triple negative cancer who have shown resistance to at least 2 different drugs...
- Immunotherapy with pembrolizumab for triple-negative breast cancer with microsatellite instability (MSI), mutations in DNA repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) or high levels of genetic mutations (TMB).
Contact us: 34486940(026)
مقالات دیگر از Dr. Shahram Sawad
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