Anatomy study of the pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is a small, round structure under the brain that is located exactly in a bony cavity called Sella Turcica and is connected to the hypothalamus. The hormones produced in the adenohypophysis include growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and gonadotropin hormones. The second part is the neurohypophysis, which It does not produce hormones. It is responsible for storing and releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Two important hormones of the neurohypophysis are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. The pituitary gland is fed by a complex vascular network called the portal system of the hypothalamus. Development, reproduction, response to stress and regulation of water balance and any dysfunction of the pituitary gland can lead to serious diseases.... The pituitary gland plays an essential role in the overall health of the body and due to the secretion of numerous hormones, it affects different parts of the body.... What are pituitary diseases? Pituitary problems can be caused by various reasons such as tumor, infection, inflammation, or genetic diseases, which we will discuss below.... ### Pituitary tumors
Benign tumors are more common and may; lead to overproduction or deficiency of hormones... ### Pituitary Pituitary
In this case, the pituitary gland does not produce enough hormones, which can lead to problems such as hypothyroidism, lack of growth hormone, or a decrease in the level of sex hormones... ### Hyperactivity of the pituitary gland
In this situation, the pituitary gland produces too much hormone... This condition can cause diseases such as acromegaly (increased growth hormone) or Cushing's disease (increased cortisol hormone)... ### Acromegaly
Its cause is the excessive production of growth hormone after puberty, which causes an abnormal increase in the size of the bones, especially in the hands, feet, and face. ### Cushing's disease
This disease is caused by excessive production of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), which causes an increase in cortisol levels in the body and problems such as obesity, increased blood pressure, and muscle weakness.. This is a tumor that increases the production of the prolactin hormone.. This condition can cause problems such as menstrual disorders in women and decreased libido in women.. She is not pregnant... ### Thyrotropinoma
This is a rare tumor that increases the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This condition can lead to hyperthyroidism and an increase in the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, which causes symptoms such as increased heart rate, weight loss, and excessive sweating. A condition in which the pituitary gland produces too much hormone. This excessive production of hormones can cause various disorders in the body. Benign tumors occur in the pituitary adenoma, which may overproduce various hormones... Some of the diseases associated with overactive pituitary gland include acromegaly, Cushing's, prolactinoma, and thyrotropinoma. General symptoms of an overactive pituitary gland include:
- Fatigue
- Weight change
- Change in mood
- Changes in blood pressure and blood sugar
Appearance changes (such as enlarged hands and feet)
Treatment of an overactive pituitary usually includes surgery to remove the tumor, medication to reduce hormone production or control symptoms, and in some cases, radiation therapy... The type of treatment depends on the type of excess hormone and the severity of the symptoms... Pituitary insufficiency, pituitary
Hypopituitarism refers to a condition in which the pituitary gland is unable to produce enough of one or more essential hormones, as opposed to an overactive pituitary gland.. put pressure on the function of this gland and prevent it from producing hormones.... Strokes or brain injuries may also damage the pituitary gland and reduce hormone production.... Surgery or radiation therapy for brain tumors or pituitary diseases can affect its function. and in some cases, the immune system may; It mistakenly attacks the tissues of the pituitary gland and causes damage. Symptoms of pituitary failure depend on the type of hormone that is reduced. These include:
- severe fatigue; due to the decrease in the production of thyroid or adrenal hormones... - weight gain or loss; Due to the imbalance in metabolism hormones... - frequent colds; Due to decreased thyroid function.... - Decreased libido or infertility.. due to decreased production of sex hormones (FSH and LH)...
- hair loss; due to the decrease in growth and thyroid hormones..... - abnormal increase or decrease in blood pressure; Due to a disturbance in adrenal hormones... - Menstrual disorders in women.... The treatment of pituitary hypofunction depends on its cause and usually involves replacing the lost hormones with medication.... Untreated pituitary insufficiency can lead to serious complications, including metabolic problems, weakening of the immune system and the inability to regulate pyloric blood pressure.... Pituitary gland enlargement usually occurs due to the presence of benign tumors in this gland. which are called pituitary adenomas.. These tumors are often non-cancerous and in many cases cause an increase in the size of the pituitary gland.. In addition to the tumor, other factors can also cause it.. It causes the pituitary gland to enlarge.. Below are some of the common causes of this condition:
- The most common cause of pituitary gland enlargement is adenoma or benign tumors... - Hyperplasia refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the pituitary gland, which can lead to the enlargement of this gland... This condition is usually caused by hormonal disorders; For example, in cases where the pituitary gland tries to increase its hormone production to compensate for the lack of other hormones in the body... because the body needs more hormones to support pregnancy, especially prolactin, which is necessary for milk production... it spreads to the pituitary gland and causes it to enlarge.... These types of tumors are usually very rare... The condition may lead to symptoms such as severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances, and is an urgent intervention condition that requires prompt intervention... Proper diagnosis and treatment of pituitary gland enlargement requires evaluation by a specialist physician. in the function of the pituitary gland.. Pituitary gland to shrink, including the following
- One of the common causes of hypophysis shrinking, especially in women, is Sheehan's syndrome, which occurs after childbirth due to heavy bleeding or low blood pressure. This condition causes damage to the pituitary gland and can; It leads to pituitary failure.... In this syndrome, the pituitary loses the ability to produce enough hormones and gradually shrinks... - Radiation therapy is possible for brain or pituitary tumors... It leads to damage to the pituitary gland... This damage may cause the gland to gradually shrink and reduce hormone production... Also, surgeries performed to remove pituitary tumors can lead to damage to the pituitary gland. the pituitary gland and as a result it shrinks.. an example of this condition is autoimmune hypophysitis.. the pituitary gland... this damage is possible.. it reduces the function of this gland and eventually shrinks it.... - Some people are born with a smaller pituitary gland or are not able to produce enough hormones.. it gradually becomes smaller and its function decreases.... this is a normal process.. but usually it does not lead to severe hypofunction.. unless it is caused by damage factors Za - Some chemotherapy drugs or drugs used to treat brain tumors may damage the pituitary gland and cause it to shrink... The diagnosis and treatment of pituitary shrinkage must be done by a specialist doctor... because it is possible to not treat; leading to serious complications.... What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?... The anatomy of the pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland... each of which secretes different hormones.... The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that affect other body glands and includes the following:
- growth hormone (GH); stimulating the growth of bones and muscles, regulating metabolism and maintaining blood sugar levels.... - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); stimulating the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) that regulate the body's metabolism... - Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH); Stimulation of the adrenal glands, to produce cortisol and other adrenal hormones.... - Gonadal stimulating hormones (FSH and LH).. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates egg production in women and sperm production in men and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men...
- Prolactin (PRL); Stimulation of milk production in postpartum women... The second part of the anatomy of the pituitary gland is the posterior pituitary, which stores and secretes two important hormones that are actually produced by the hypothalamus. Each of them has a key role in regulating different functions of the body... These hormones help maintain the hormonal balance of the body and are involved in vital processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism and water balance... Dysfunction of this gland can lead to serious problems such as hypofunction or overfunctioning of various glands. Specialized examination of pituitary tumor.
Pituitary tumors are usually benign tumors that grow in the pituitary gland and are called pituitary adenomas. These tumors are rarely cancerous, but they may affect the body's hormonal function or put pressure on nearby structures such as the optic nerve. Symptoms of a pituitary tumor include headache, decreased hormone production, increased production, and visual disturbances. Pituitary gland which can lead to problems such as infertility, fatigue, weight loss or weight gain.. A tumor in the pituitary gland is diagnosed with an MRI or CT scan to image the tumor and a blood test to check the level of pituitary hormones, and the pituitary tumor is removed with drug therapy, radiation therapy or surgery.. Pituitary tumors are often benign. Hormonal and vision problems As you can see from the information source, the pituitary gland, as the main gland of the body, plays a vital role in regulating many basic functions of the body, including growth, metabolism, reproduction and hormonal balance... Any disorder in this gland, whether it is a malfunction or a tumor, can have a great impact on health. We can prevent serious complications with early diagnosis and proper treatment...
