Lumbar disc in pregnancy; Causes, symptoms and treatment solutions

Lumbar disc in pregnancy is a common problem that is often caused by increased fetal weight, hormonal changes and pressure on the spine. The main symptoms include back pain, numbness and weakness in the legs. Fortunately, most cases improve with conservative treatment such as rest, physical therapy, and posture correction, and surgery is recommended only in severe and rare cases. Awareness and proper care play an important role in maintaining the health of mother and fetus. What is a lumbar disc? The human spine consists of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. Discs are flexible, gelatinous structures that help absorb shock and movement. A herniated disc occurs when the inner soft part of the disc pushes outward and puts pressure on the surrounding nerves. This pressure causes pain, numbness, tingling and muscle weakness. Why is lumbar disc common in pregnancy? ### Weight gain and pressure As pregnancy progresses, the mother's weight increases significantly. This extra weight puts a lot of pressure on the lumbar vertebrae, especially as the body's center of gravity shifts forward. This situation leads to an increase in the load on the disks. ### Hormonal changes Relaxin hormone, which is secreted during pregnancy, helps to relax the ligaments and joints to prepare the body for childbirth. This loosening of ligaments can reduce the stability of the spine and increase the possibility of disc damage. ### Change body position Changes in standing, walking, and sleeping postures due to an enlarged abdomen may place abnormal pressure on the spine. ### Previous disk history Women who have a history of lumbar disc or spine problems before pregnancy are more at risk. Lumbar disc symptoms in pregnancy - Sharp and continuous pain in the lower back that may extend to the hips, thighs and legs. Numbness, tingling or weakness in the legs and fingers. - Decreased mobility and difficulty in walking or standing for a long time. - In severe cases, urinary or bowel control problems may occur that require immediate follow-up. Lumbar disc is dangerous in pregnancy? Lumbar disc in pregnancy is usually not dangerous and most of the time it can be controlled with conservative methods; But if severe pain, muscle weakness, or problems controlling urine and stool occur, this can be a sign of severe pressure on the nerves and requires immediate medical attention. Timely treatment and proper follow-up reduces complications and preserves the health of mother and fetus. Therefore, it is better to discuss any worrisome symptoms with the doctor immediately. Diagnosis methods - Clinical examination: pain assessment, movement tests and examination of reflexes by the doctor. - MRI imaging: a safe method for mother and fetus that shows the exact details of the disc and nerves. - Avoiding X-rays and CT scans: these methods are not recommended during pregnancy due to possible damage to the fetus. Lumbar disc treatments in pregnancy ### Conservative treatments - Controlled rest: avoiding heavy activities and lifting objects. Absolute rest is not recommended; Because it causes muscle weakness. - Physiotherapy: special pregnancy exercises to strengthen back and abdominal muscles, improve posture and reduce pressure on the disc. - Authorized drugs: taking drugs such as acetaminophen with a doctor's prescription; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are usually not recommended during pregnancy. - Pregnancy support belt: help reduce pressure on the back and improve posture. ### Complementary treatments - Specialized massage therapy: provided that it is performed by a specialist who knows about pregnancy. - Water therapy and swimming: helps to reduce pressure on joints and improve flexibility. - Correcting the sleeping position: using a special pregnancy pillow to support the back and abdomen. ### Surgical treatments Surgery is only performed by a specialized medical team in rare cases when disc pressure leads to severe weakness, loss of urinary or stool control, and uncontrollable pain. Home treatment of lumbar disc in pregnancy - relative rest and avoiding heavy activities; But avoid complete immobility - Using a hot or cold compress on the painful area to reduce inflammation and pain - Maintaining correct posture while sitting and standing - Using pregnancy support pillows while sleeping - Wearing comfortable shoes and short heels to reduce pressure on the back - Performing gentle exercises such as light stretching and slow walking under the supervision of a doctor or physiotherapist - Using pregnancy support belts with doctor's advice to reduce pressure on the spine - Constant consultation with a doctor to ensure the safety and appropriateness of home treatment methods Read more: Back pain treatment without surgery Exercise for lumbar disc during pregnancy Suitable and gentle exercises during pregnancy help to reduce lumbar disc pain and strengthen the back and abdominal muscles to reduce the pressure on the discs. Some useful exercises include: - Calm walking: the best low-risk exercise to maintain mobility and strengthen muscles without too much pressure - Light back and hip stretches: help to increase flexibility and reduce muscle cramps - Specialized pregnancy exercises such as yoga or pilates: under the supervision of a trainer who is aware of pregnancy conditions to maintain balance and strengthen central muscles - Abdominal and back strengthening exercises: such as bridge or gentle stretching exercises without extra pressure Be sure to consult a doctor or physiotherapist before starting any type of exercise so that a program can be set up that suits your condition and prevent possible injury. For more information, read the article on exercise after lumbar disc surgery. Important tips for pain prevention and control - Maintaining proper weight and controlling weight gain during pregnancy Avoid standing or sitting for a long time - Wearing comfortable shoes with short heels - Doing regular, permitted and mild exercises for pregnancy - Using relaxation and stress control methods such as yoga and deep breathing - Healthy eating and supply of calcium, vitamin D and other nutrients for bone health Lumbar disc in pregnancy and childbirth Lumbar disc in pregnancy can affect the delivery process; But it often does not cause serious problems. The pressure and pain caused by the disc may cause more discomfort during labor pains and limit the movement of the mother; But doctors can control this situation with proper planning and special care. In many cases, natural childbirth is possible with caution and under the supervision of the medical team; But if there is severe disc pressure or complications such as muscle weakness, the doctor may recommend a cesarean section to prevent further damage. The most important point is that the mother must be under the supervision of a specialist and adjust her birth plan according to her back condition and general health. Related content: Nutrition after lumbar disc surgery Does a lumbar disc cause miscarriage? No, a herniated disc does not directly cause miscarriage. This problem mostly affects the health and comfort of the mother and usually does not cause any danger to the fetus. However, severe pain and stress caused by the lumbar disc may reduce the mother's quality of life; Therefore, it is important to receive appropriate treatment and medical care to maintain the health of the mother and fetus. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ### Does lumbar disc damage the fetus during pregnancy? No, but pain and limitation of movement can affect the quality of life of the mother. ### Can I exercise if I have a lumbar disc? Yes, specialized and gentle exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist can help recovery. ### What medicines are allowed in pregnancy for lumbar disc pain? Usually, acetaminophen is allowed with the doctor's opinion; The use of other drugs should be consulted with a doctor. ### When should I see a doctor? If you have severe pain, muscle weakness, or difficulty controlling urine and stool, see a doctor immediately. ### Is the pregnancy belt effective in reducing pain? Yes, support belts can reduce pressure on the back and relieve pain. **Scientific sources:** - American Pregnancy Association - Back Pain During Pregnancy - PubMed - Lumbar Disc Herniation in Pregnancy - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) - Herniated Disk - Healthline – Sciatica During Pregnancy