A comprehensive guide for parents

Common problems of newborns infancy is one of the most sensitive stages in the life of every human.... during this period, the body of babies is still growing and developing and their immune system is not perfect.... because of this, babies are exposed to many common problems and diseases.... sometimes parents play an important role in maintaining the health and optimal development of the baby Jaundice or Jaundice refers to the change in the color of the skin and whites of the baby's eyes to yellow, which occurs due to the increase of bilirubin in the blood.... In this disease, the skin and the whites of the baby's eyes turn yellow.... Symptoms: - Skin color change to yellow Excessive sleepiness - Reluctance to breastfeed Treatment: - Light therapy (phototherapy) - Continuous feeding for better elimination of bilirubin Prevention: - Examination of blood group of mother and baby - Correct breastfeeding from the first day of birth ### Baby colic (colic) Continuous and intense crying of the baby without a clear reason that usually happens in the evening... Symptoms: - Long and loud crying at certain times of the day - Folding the legs towards the stomach - Heartache and bloating Treatment: - Calming the baby by hugging and caressing - Using anti-flatulence drops with the doctor's opinion - Correct burping after breastfeeding ### Gastric reflux (return of milk) In babies, due to the prematurity of the valve between the stomach and the esophagus, it is common for milk to return from the stomach to the esophagus... Symptoms: - Vomiting or bringing up milk after feeding - Crying while eating - Slow growth in severe cases Treatment: - Feeding in a semi-sitting position - Breastfeeding in smaller portions and with a smaller volume - Use of medicine in severe cases ### Infant constipation Constipation may be caused by changing the type of nutrition or lack of fluid intake. Symptoms: - Excretion of dry and hard stools - Discomfort or crying during defecation - Decreased stool frequency Treatment: - Gentle massage of the abdomen - Increasing fluid consumption in the mother (if breastfeeding) - Using laxatives prescribed by a doctor Skin infections and baby pimples Babies' skin is very sensitive and may get rashes, redness or infection in the first days of birth.. Symptoms: - Small white or red pimples on the face and body - Skin inflammation and itching Treatment: - Washing the skin daily with lukewarm water - Avoid using scented products - See a doctor if symptoms develop ### Respiratory problems of babies Some babies suffer from shortness of breath or breathing problems due to premature birth or infection. Symptoms: - Fast and shallow breathing - Wheezing sound when breathing - Bruises around the lips Treatment: - Immediate visit to the doctor or emergency room - Use of oxygen or special drugs in the hospital ### Eczema or dry skin Eczema is one of the chronic skin diseases that can start from infancy. Symptoms: - Dryness and redness of the skin - Peeling and itching Treatment: - Use of moisturizing creams for babies Avoid woolen clothing or skin irritants ### Heartache and bloating The digestive system of babies is not yet complete and they may experience bloating or abdominal pain after feeding... Symptoms: - Crying after eating - Swollen and tight abdomen Treatment: - Correct burping - Using massage and soft movements of the abdomen - In some cases, taking antiflatulent drops prescribed by a doctor ### Fever in babies Fever in babies is very important and should be investigated and treated quickly. Symptoms: - Body temperature above 38 degrees - Lethargy and loss of appetite Treatment: - Immediate visit to the doctor - Use of antipyretic drugs with doctor's advice ### Urinary tract infection of infants Urinary tract infection can be accompanied by fever, bad smell of urine and restlessness... Symptoms: Unexplained fever - Unpleasant smell of urine - Crying while urinating Treatment: - Urine test - Taking antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor ### Constipation in babies A decrease in the frequency of stools or difficulty in defecation is called constipation... Among the causes of constipation in babies, we can mention a change in diet, dehydration, and consumption of powdered milk... Symptoms: - Excretion of hard and dry stool - restlessness - Crying during defecation Treatment: - Increased fluids - Abdominal massage - Moving the legs in the form of a bicycle - If you still see a doctor ### Diarrhea in babies If the child regularly has liquid and loose stools, it indicates diarrhea.... Symptoms: - Watery and frequent stools - lethargy - Weight loss - Dehydration Treatment: - Sufficient fluid supply - Continue breastfeeding - If severe, see a doctor Ear infection (otitis media) Middle ear infection which can cause pain and restlessness in the baby. The causes of this disease include respiratory infections, fluid accumulation in the ear or genetic factors. Symptoms: - Pulling or rubbing the ear - Crying while lying down - Fever - Loss of appetite Treatment: - Medical advice to prescribe antibiotics if needed - Using a warm compress ### Colds and flu Viral infections of the upper respiratory tract cause colds and flu in children. Symptoms: - Runny nose - Cough - Mild fever - restlessness If your child suffers from any of the mentioned problems and diseases, you can visit Dr. Mehdi Afshari's office, the best pediatrician in Tehran, or call 02166602506. #### Summary Babies are exposed to various problems due to the weakness and underdevelopment of the immune system... Knowing the common problems of babies and the quick reaction of parents plays an important role in maintaining the health and development of the child... with proper care, proper nutrition and regular visits to the doctor. Early stages... Parents' training and awareness of dangerous situations are key factors in the correct management of infancy.