Gastric bleeding during pregnancy

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Gastric bleeding during pregnancy is rare, but it is one of the most important digestive complications that can have serious consequences for the mother and the fetus. Hormonal and physiological changes of this period, along with factors such as stomach ulcers, reflux or the use of certain drugs, are the causes of this problem. Since the initial symptoms of bleeding, such as nausea and vomiting, are very similar to the usual symptoms of pregnancy, it becomes difficult to diagnose it quickly, and this increases the risk of complications such as severe anemia or impaired fetal growth. Therefore, knowing the causes, warning signs, and treatment strategies play an essential role in the prevention and timely management of this complication.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding in pregnancy

Although gastrointestinal bleeding during pregnancy is not very common, it can cause important consequences for the health of the mother and the fetus. Due to hormonal and physiological changes during this period, bleeding symptoms may be confused with normal pregnancy symptoms such as nausea and fatigue. Timely diagnosis of these symptoms is very important, because a delay in treatment can lead to severe anemia or more dangerous complications.

🔴 Blood vomit : Presence of fresh blood or clots in vomit.
🔴 Black and tarry stools: A sign of bleeding in the upper part of the digestive tract.
🔴 Blood stool : It is mostly seen in lower intestinal bleeding.
🔴 Burning pain and stomach or abdomen: especially in the upper abdomen area.
🔴 Symptoms Anemia: paleness, weakness, dizziness and shortness of breath.
🔴 Low blood pressure and shock: in heavy bleeding with cold sweat and heart palpitations.

In general, the occurrence of any of these symptoms during pregnancy should not be ignored, because even mild bleeding can eventually cause anemia and weakness of the mother and have a negative effect on the growth and health of the fetus. Rapid diagnosis by a specialist doctor and initiation of appropriate treatment play a key role in reducing risks and preventing serious complications. For this reason, pregnant mothers' awareness of warning signs and timely referral to medical centers can be very effective in maintaining their health and the health of the fetus.

Symptoms of acute gastric bleeding in pregnancy

Acute gastric bleeding in pregnancy is considered one of the emergency conditions that requires immediate diagnosis and intervention. The severity of the symptoms is usually greater than mild bleeding and can quickly threaten the life of the mother and the fetus. Recognizing the symptoms of this condition is very important in order to avoid delays in treatment and the occurrence of serious complications.

🔴 Severe vomiting with bright blood or large blood clots
🔴 Black and very smelly stools (severe melaena) or red blood discharge in advanced cases
🔴 Severe drop in blood pressure (lightheadedness, black eyes, Fainting)
🔴 Rapid and irregular heartbeat due to decreased blood volume
🔴 Cold sweat and extreme paleness of the skin
🔴 Weakness, lethargy and decreased level of consciousness in extensive bleeding
🔴 Severe pain and burning in the stomach or upper abdomen

Generally, acute stomach bleeding in Pregnancy is a dangerous condition that should not be ignored even for a moment. Every minute of delay in treatment can lead to a severe drop in blood pressure, shock and threat to the life of the mother and the fetus. Therefore, observing any of the mentioned symptoms requires an immediate visit to the hospital and receiving specialized care. Pregnant mothers' awareness of these symptoms and quick action can play a decisive role in saving both life and health.

Causes of stomach bleeding in pregnancy

Stomach bleeding during pregnancy is one of the serious yet rare problems that can have dangerous consequences for the mother and fetus. Knowing the main causes of this condition is very important, because each cause requires a different treatment approach. Hormonal and physiological changes during pregnancy, along with some external factors such as nutrition or drug use, can cause stomach bleeding. In the following, the most important causes of this complication will be discussed.

✅ Gastric and duodenal ulcers: One of the most important causes of stomach bleeding in pregnancy is the presence of gastric or duodenal ulcers. These ulcers are usually caused by increased secretion of stomach acid or the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection. During pregnancy, hormonal changes can aggravate these wounds and cause bleeding. Its symptoms often include upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes vomiting blood.

✅ Reflex and inflammation of the stomach (gastritis): Reflux of the stomach into the esophagus and inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach are also common causes of bleeding. During pregnancy, increased abdominal pressure and hormonal changes cause the valve between the stomach and esophagus to relax and acid reflux occurs. This process can irritate the stomach lining and cause inflammation or bleeding. Gastritis is usually accompanied by heartburn, nausea, and a feeling of heaviness in the stomach.

✅ Medications: Some medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids, can damage the stomach lining. These drugs are prescribed in some medical conditions during pregnancy, and in case of long-term use or without medical protection, they increase the risk of ulcers and bleeding.

✅ Mechanical pressure caused by pregnancy: As the uterus enlarges, a lot of pressure is applied to the stomach and other abdominal organs. This mechanical pressure can aggravate gastric reflux and even tear the small vessels of the stomach in certain conditions. For this reason, pregnant women are more exposed to digestive problems in the last months of pregnancy.

✅ Coagulation disorders: Some pregnant women suffer from coagulation problems or have diseases that disrupt the blood clotting process. In such conditions, even small injuries in the stomach lining can lead to severe bleeding. These disorders usually require specialized follow-up and immediate treatment.

✅ Gastric or esophageal varices: In high-risk pregnancies, especially in women with liver diseases, there is a possibility of varicose veins in the gastric and esophageal vessels. These vessels are dilated and fragile, and with the slightest pressure or irritation, they may bleed profusely. This type of bleeding is very dangerous and usually requires emergency treatment.

Consuming fatty, spicy or acidic foods along with severe mental and physical stress can damage the stomach and aggravate digestive problems. در دوران بارداری که بدن حساس‌تر است، این عوامل بیشتر خود را نشان داده و ممکن است زمینه‌ساز خونریزی شوند.

زخم معده و اثنی‌عشرریفلاکس و التهاب معده (گاستریت)تغذیه نامناسب و استرس شدیدبیماری‌های التهابی روده (IBD)اختلالات عروقی معدهپولیپ‌های معده یا اثنی‌عش

در مجموع، خونریزی معده در بارداری می‌تواند دلایل متعددی داشته باشد؛ From common causes such as stomach ulcers and reflux to rarer causes such as Mallory-Weiss syndrome or liver diseases. The main importance is that each cause has a different severity and type of treatment, so accurate diagnosis plays a key role in preventing serious complications. The awareness of pregnant mothers and quick follow-up of symptoms by the doctor is the best way to control this condition and maintain the health of the mother and the fetus.

Methods for diagnosing gastric bleeding in pregnancy

Methods for diagnosing gastric bleeding in pregnancy are performed with the aim of identifying the source of bleeding and evaluating its severity. First, the doctor finds out the possible cause by taking a detailed history of symptoms such as vomiting blood or black stools and checking the medical history and underlying diseases. Then a clinical examination is done to check for signs of anemia, low blood pressure or shock. Blood tests such as a CBC to determine hemoglobin levels and coagulation tests are also helpful. If necessary, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, as the most accurate method, allows direct observation of the source of bleeding and even simultaneous treatment. In some special cases, imaging methods such as ultrasound or MRI are also used to complete investigations.

Prevention of stomach bleeding in pregnancy

Prevention of stomach bleeding in pregnancy is possible by following a few simple principles and can play an important role in maintaining the health of the mother and fetus. Healthy and light eating including small and frequent meals, avoiding spicy, fatty and acidic foods and consuming enough fruits, vegetables and fiber are among the most important preventive measures. Also, one should avoid arbitrarily taking drugs, especially anti-inflammatory drugs, and if needed, take any drug only under the supervision of a doctor. Stress management with techniques such as pregnancy yoga or light walking and avoiding smoking and excessive caffeine are also recommended. In addition to these cases, visiting the doctor regularly and reporting any unusual symptoms is the best way to prevent the occurrence and exacerbation of gastric bleeding during pregnancy.

Summary

Preventing gastric bleeding during pregnancy is possible by following a few simple principles and can play an important role in maintaining the health of the mother and fetus. Healthy and light eating including small and frequent meals, avoiding spicy, fatty and acidic foods and consuming enough fruits, vegetables and fiber are among the most important preventive measures. Also, one should avoid arbitrarily taking drugs, especially anti-inflammatory drugs, and if needed, take any drug only under the supervision of a doctor. Stress management with techniques such as pregnancy yoga or light walking and avoiding smoking and excessive caffeine are also recommended. In addition to these cases, visiting the doctor regularly and reporting any unusual symptoms is the best way to prevent the occurrence and exacerbation of stomach bleeding during pregnancy.

Frequently asked questions

Is stomach bleeding during pregnancy dangerous for the fetus?

Yes, stomach bleeding during pregnancy can endanger the growth and health of the fetus by reducing blood supply and oxygen.

Can stomach bleeding lead to premature birth?

Yes, Stomach bleeding during pregnancy, if it is severe and causes anemia or severe stress, can increase the risk of premature birth.

Which drugs most often cause stomach bleeding during pregnancy?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen and aspirin) and corticosteroids play the greatest role in increasing the risk of stomach bleeding during pregnancy.

Is it possible to perform endoscopy during pregnancy and is it safe for the fetus? Is it?

Yes, endoscopy during pregnancy can be done if necessary and in compliance with safety principles, and it is usually considered safe for the fetus.