Text: gynecomastia

• Hossam Moazzami
• October 10, 2025
• 3:03 p.m
• no comment

What is gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is a condition in which the glandular tissue of the breast in men becomes larger than normal. It can occur at any age—from puberty to middle age—and sometimes causes worry, embarrassment, or a loss of self-confidence. Contrary to what many people think, gynecomastia is rarely due to simple fat and is mostly caused by hormonal changes or the body's reaction to drugs.

Why does gynecomastia occur?

The main cause of gynecomastia is the imbalance between testosterone and estrogen hormones. When the amount of estrogen (female hormone) increases compared to testosterone, breast tissue grows in men. This state may be temporary, physiological, or caused by medications such as steroids, blood pressure medications, or antidepressants. In some people, liver, thyroid or kidney diseases also play a role in its occurrence.

In this article, we scientifically and simply examine what gynecomastia is, why it occurs, how it differs from simple chest fat, and how it can be treated. We will also talk about surgical, medicinal and non-invasive methods so that if you or your loved ones are facing this problem, you will know what is the best treatment decision and when you should see a doctor.

What is gynecomastia and why does it occur?

Gynecomastia means the abnormal growth of glandular breast tissue in men, and contrary to popular belief, it is not only caused by fat. This situation is caused by the relative increase of estrogen hormone compared to testosterone. In most cases, this hormonal change is temporary, but in some men it remains persistent and requires investigation and treatment.

The difference between gynecomastia and male breast fat

In obesity, the fat tissue under the skin increases, but the glandular tissue is not activated. In gynecomastia, a hard, palpable lump develops in the center of the breast that does not go away with exercise or diet. A doctor's examination and ultrasound can clearly determine the difference between the two.

Symptoms and symptoms of gynecomastia

The main symptom is a symmetrical or one-sided swelling of the breast, which is sometimes accompanied by pain, sensitivity or mild burning. In teenagers, it may appear temporarily and without the need for treatment, but in adults it is more permanent and should be checked.

Gynecomastia during puberty

During puberty, rapid hormonal changes may cause transient growth of breast tissue. This condition usually resolves on its own within 6 to 18 months and does not require treatment unless it is painful or psychologically distressing.

Gynecomastia in middle age

With increasing age, testosterone levels decrease and body fat increases. These two factors can cause a relative increase in estrogen and breast tissue growth in middle-aged men. The use of certain drugs such as blood pressure drugs and antidepressants also aggravates this process.

Hormonal causes in the development of gynecomastia

Testosterone hormone has the main task of controlling male traits and when its ratio to estrogen decreases, the glandular tissue of the breast is stimulated. This imbalance may be caused by a disorder in the testicles, adrenal glands, or pituitary gland.

Drugs that cause gynecomastia

Some drugs such as anabolic steroids, spironolactone, cimetidine and finasteride are common causes of gynecomastia. Long-term use of these drugs should be controlled with the doctor's opinion to prevent hormonal side effects.

Diseases related to gynecomastia

Liver, kidney, thyroid disorders and testicular tumors can contribute to gynecomastia. In such cases, treating the underlying disease can improve breast swelling.

Gynecomastia diagnosis methods

Diagnosis usually begins with a physical examination. By touching the tissue and observing the difference between fat and gland, the doctor raises the possibility of gynecomastia. Ultrasound, blood tests to check testosterone and estrogen levels, and sometimes mammography are used to rule out the possibility of a tumor.

Gynecomastia treatment without surgery

In the early stages, gynecomastia can be treated by controlling the drugs used, improving nutrition, increasing physical activity and prescribing hormone regulating drugs such as tamoxifen. These methods are more effective in young patients.

The best time for gynecomastia surgery

If there is no improvement after six months of drug treatment or lifestyle changes, surgery is recommended. Also, surgery is the best option in cases where breast size causes pain, movement restriction, or mental discomfort.

How is gynecomastia surgery performed?

Surgery is usually performed under local or general anesthesia. In this method, the surgeon uses a small incision under the areola (breast halo) and removes the glandular tissue. In some patients, liposuction is performed at the same time to remove excess fat.

Possible side effects of gynecomastia surgery

Mild side effects such as bruising, swelling, or temporary numbness are common and usually resolve within a few weeks. Following the doctor's recommendations after the operation will prevent infection or scarring.

The cost of gynecomastia surgery in 2025

The cost of this operation varies depending on the type of surgery, the amount of tissue removed, the type of anesthesia and the location of the clinic. The average cost in Iran varies between 15 and 30 million tomans.

Care after gynecomastia operation

Using a special compression gun is necessary for a few weeks after surgery. This gene helps to reduce swelling, form the natural shape of the chest and prevent fluid accumulation. Patients usually return to light activities after 5 to 7 days.

Return of gynecomastia after treatment

If you continue to use hormonal drugs or steroids, there is a possibility of return. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle, avoiding alcohol and maintaining a normal weight will greatly reduce the likelihood of recurrence.

Suitable exercises for the treatment of gynecomastia

Exercises such as swimming, Swedish swimming, plank and chest press tighten the chest muscles and improve its appearance. Although exercise does not eliminate glandular tissue, it helps to reduce fat and get a better body shape.

Proper nutrition to reduce gynecomastia

A healthy diet including vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat foods is effective in reducing estrogen levels. Avoiding processed foods and high consumption of sugar is very important.

The role of weight loss in improving breast appearance

Weight loss can reduce fat in the chest area and create a more balanced appearance, but glandular tissue can only be removed with surgery or drug therapy.

Gynecomastia and bodybuilding

Bodybuilders who use anabolic steroids for bulking are at a higher risk. After stopping the use, the sudden increase of estrogen causes the growth of breast tissue. The doctor can prevent this problem with anti-estrogen drugs.

What is unilateral gynecomastia?

In some men, only one breast enlarges. This condition usually occurs due to a local imbalance of hormones or the presence of a small glandular mass on one side. Ultrasound examination is necessary to ensure that it is benign.

Gynecomastia and breast cancer in men

Although gynecomastia is different from cancer, the presence of a firm, indeterminate mass with discharge or skin changes should be investigated. The doctor rejects the possibility of cancer with mammography and biopsy test.

Gynecomastia home treatment methods

In the early stages, reducing alcohol consumption, doing regular exercises, getting enough sleep and avoiding hormonal drugs can help gradual recovery. Home treatment is not a substitute for medicine, but it can speed up the treatment process.

Effective drugs in the treatment of gynecomastia

Tamoxifen and anastrozole are the two main drugs for reducing breast tissue in men. These drugs reduce the swelling of breast tissue by inhibiting the effect of estrogen in the body. Their consumption must be done with a doctor's prescription.

The difference between gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia

In pseudogenycomastia, only excess fat accumulates in the chest and can be improved with diet and exercise. But in true gynecomastia, there is glandular tissue that does not go away without medical treatment or surgery.

Gynecomastia in athletes and bodybuilders

Long-term use of growth hormones or unauthorized supplements is one of the main causes of gynecomastia in athletes. Discontinuation of use, hormonal examination and early drug treatment are recommended.

Effect of alcohol and drug consumption on gynecomastia

Alcohol and drugs decrease the level of testosterone and increase estrogen. Avoiding these substances is very important in the treatment process.

Probability of gynecomastia after steroid withdrawal

After stopping anabolic steroids, the level of testosterone decreases and estrogen increases; As a result, breast tissue grows. Quick treatment with anti-estrogen drugs can prevent this condition from lasting.

The difference between gynecomastia in teenagers and adults

In adolescents, gynecomastia is often temporary and resolves on its own, but in adults, it requires medical or surgical treatment. Hormonal examination is necessary in both groups.

definitive treatment of gynecomastia; Is it possible?

Yes, definitive treatment is possible with a combination of drug therapy, lifestyle modification and, in persistent cases, surgery. The choice of treatment method depends on the age, underlying cause and severity of the disease. Regular follow-up after treatment is necessary to prevent recurrence.

The final conclusion about gynecomastia and its treatment methods

Gynecomastia is not only a cosmetic problem, but sometimes it is a sign of hormonal imbalance in men's body. In most cases, this condition is benign and can be treated with lifestyle changes, medication control, and simple treatments. But if the breast tissue remains large or causes pain and mental discomfort, surgery can be a definitive and safe solution.

The importance of correct diagnosis and medical advice

The first step for the effective treatment of gynecomastia is the correct diagnosis of the cause. A physical exam, hormone testing, and ultrasound will help the doctor determine whether the cause is simple fat or active glandular tissue. Early treatment and choosing the right method will prevent further complications such as sagging skin and breast asymmetry.

Doctor's final speech

Breast enlargement in men is not a shameful or incurable issue; Rather, it is a well-known and correctable problem. If you are unhappy with the appearance of your breast or have noticed a sudden change in it, consulting an endocrinologist or plastic surgeon can help you find the root of the problem and be treated in a scientific, safe and permanent way.

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